Elements of Communication

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a root in a word?

To modify another word

To indicate tense or number

To contribute the main meaning (correct)

To provide grammatical information

Which of the following best describes the role of affixation in words?

It forms compounds by merging two roots.

It serves as the primary element contributing to meaning.

It adds barriers to word formation.

It alters the core meaning of the word. (correct)

Which of the following is true about inflexible words?

They display variations based on tense or number.

They only consist of prefixes and no roots.

They remain constant in form regardless of grammatical context. (correct)

They can undergo grammatical transformations.

What is the relationship between roots and inflectional affixes?

Inflectional affixes modify roots to convey grammatical details. Signup and view all the answers

How does derivation differ from simple word formation?

Derivation produces new words with distinct meanings. Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial aspect of modern communication?

Roles of sender and receiver are fluid. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an element of the communication process?

Emotion Signup and view all the answers

What does active listening primarily involve?

Be attentive to the response. Signup and view all the answers

What is one particularity of modern communication?

Emojis can substitute for verbal communication. Signup and view all the answers

Which skill is essential for effective communication?

Assertiveness in expressing opinions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of prefixes in word formation?

They modify the meaning of the root word. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defines a derived word?

A word that is created by adding a prefix or a suffix to an existing word. Signup and view all the answers

What type of suffix would 'simplicidad' likely represent?

A noun-forming suffix. Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of forming new words by adding both a prefix and a suffix called?

Parasíntesis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a word formed through composition?

Quitanieves Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Communication and its Elements

Communication is the process of exchanging messages with a specific purpose.
A communication situation includes a sender, receiver, channel, message, and code.
The channel can be voice, air, paper, internet, telephone, radio, television, etc.
The message is constructed from signs and rules forming a shared code between communicators.

Current Forms of Communication

Communication is a dynamic process evolving with society.
Technological advances have created new communication channels like chats and social networks.
These channels influence message characteristics, sender/receiver roles, and coding methods.
Modern communication features:
- Ubiquity and instant access to information worldwide.
- Fluid roles between sender and receiver.
- Combined verbal and nonverbal language, using emojis for gestures or tone.
- Essential for knowledge and idea sharing, making communication skills crucial.

Communication Skills for Effectiveness

Objective setting: Clearly define the goal of the message, e.g., informing or persuading.
Assertiveness: Express opinions respectfully, even on controversial topics.
Receiver awareness: Understand the other person's perspective to adapt communication effectively.
Active listening: Pay attention to the response and adjust the message accordingly.

The Structure of Words

Words are groups of sounds with meaning.
In written language, words are represented as letter combinations separated by spaces or punctuation marks.
They differ in meaning, form, and function.
Grammatical categories include nouns, adjectives, determiners, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions.

Morphemes

Morphemes are the smallest meaningful units composing a word.
There are two main types of morphemes: roots (lexemes) and affixes (inflectional or derivational).
The root is the part of the word carrying the main meaning.
Inflectional affixes are added to the root to express gender, number, person, tense, etc.
- Examples: feminine gender (-a), plural number (-s).
- Verb inflectional affixes are called endings.
Derivational affixes are added to a word or root to form a new, distinct word.
Words resulting from combining a root with an inflectional affix are forms of the same word (e.g., wolf, wolves).
Words accepting inflectional affixes are variable (e.g., sports, loving).
Words not accepting inflectional affixes are invariable (e.g., according to, there).

Derivation

Derivation is the formation of new words from existing ones.

Word Classes and Affix Types

Affixes are either prefixes or suffixes.

Prefixes

Added to the beginning of a word (dis-courage, re-place).
Contribute different meanings: negativity, opposition (un-kind, useless, unhygienic); situation (international, intermission, extracurricular, submarine); time (postgraduate, prejudice); repetition (relocate, rethink).

Suffixes

Added to the end of a word (care-ful, ability, weak-ish).
Often change the category of the original word.
Types:
- Suffixes forming nouns: clumsiness, concern, ambiguity, revenge, trapeze artist...
- Suffixes forming adjectives: admirable, ingenious, reddish, from Almeria...
- Suffixes forming verbs: simplify, caricature, blossom...

Derivation and Composition

Derivation and composition are two main word formation processes.

Derived Words

Derived words are formed by adding an affix (prefix or suffix) to an existing word (e.g., incapable (prefix in- + capable), flower vase (word flower + suffix -vase)).

Compound Words

Compound words consist of more than one root.
Types:
- Adjective + Adjective: high-low
- Verb + Noun: snow remover

Parasynthesis

Occurs when a prefix and a suffix are added to a root simultaneously.
Example: clear (doesn't exist), but clarify is a valid word.

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Description

This quiz explores the essential elements of communication, including the roles of sender, receiver, and various channels. It also examines modern communication forms influenced by technological advancements, such as social networks and instant messaging. Understanding these concepts is vital for effective communication in today's interconnected world.