Elements of Art

Elements of Art

• A line is an infinite series of points arranged in a direction and can be straight or curved

Types of Lines

• Horizontal lines evoke rest, quietness, relaxation, and contemplation
• Vertical lines are pointed, balanced, forceful, and dynamic
• Diagonal lines suggest action
• Curves display action, life, and energy, lacking harshness
• Contour lines define an object's edges
• Implied lines are a series of points connected by the viewer's perception

Shape

• Shape is an area of two-dimensional space, having length and width
• Geometric shapes are mathematical
• Organic shapes are found in nature

Form

• Form (or mass) is three-dimensional, possessing volume (length, width, and height)

Space

• Space refers to the area around, between, and within shapes or forms
• Positive space is occupied by a figure
• Negative space is the surrounding ground
• In 2-dimensional art, the positive space is the figure, while the negative space is the ground

Illusion of Space

• Overlapping creates a sense of depth by placing one object in front of another
• Size indicates distance, with larger objects appearing closer and smaller objects farther away
• Placement affects perceived distance; objects higher in the picture plane seem further away
• Shading uses light and dark colors to create a 3D effect

Linear Perspective

• Linear perspective makes objects appear smaller as they recede into the distance, using lines
• One-point perspective involves all parts receding toward a single vanishing point
• Foreshortening adjusts the size and shape of objects to create the illusion of depth and perspective

Atmospheric Perspective

• Atmospheric perspective makes objects look hazy and less detailed as they get farther away
• Foreground is the area closest to the viewer
• Middle ground is the area between the foreground and background
• Background is the area farthest from the viewer

Texture

• Texture is the tactile quality of a surface
• Actual texture can be physically felt
• Simulated texture appears to have texture but is smooth

Value

• Value measures lightness or darkness

Color

• Color is how we perceive light encompassing properties

Three Main Properties of Color

• Hue is the color name
• Saturation is the intensity or vibrancy of the hue
• Value is the lightness or darkness of a color

Color Types

• Primary colors consist of red, blue, and yellow
• Secondary colors are green (blue + yellow), violet (blue + red), and orange (red + yellow)
• Tertiary colors include red-violet and blue-green

Color Mixing

• Pigment wheel: mixing more colors results in a darker, less bright color
• Additive color systems: adding more colors of light results in a brighter color

Color Temperatures

• Warm colors evoke heat
• Cool colors evoke coldness

Color Relationships

• Complementary colors are opposite each other on the color wheel
• Monochromatic uses different shades and tints of one color
• Analogous uses colors next to each other on the color wheel

Time

• Time in art relates to duration or sequence, showing how artwork changes or how events tell a story

Principles of Art

• Unity is the feeling that all parts of an artwork belong together
• Variety is the use of different elements of art
• Proportion is the relationship between the sizes of different parts of a work of art

Balance

• Balance is the distribution of visual weight in a work of art
• Symmetrical (bilateral) balance is when both sides of the artwork are mirror images of each other
• Radial balance is like a starfish, radiating from a central point
• Asymmetrical balance is when the visual weight is balanced but not identical on both sides
• Contrast is the arrangement of opposing elements

Emphasis

• Emphasis draws attention to a specific part of an artwork, creating a focal point

Movement

• Movement guides the viewer's eyes through the picture, often using a curvy line or path of colors

Rhythm

• Rhythm involves repeating shapes or colors in a painting to create a visual rhythm

Pattern

• Pattern is a repeated design, that gives the painting structure
• Motif is the repeated part of a pattern
• Types of patterns - Regular and Irregular

Artists vs Artisans

• Artists focus on creating aesthetically pleasing works
• Artisans focus on accessorizing and functionality

Visual Artists

• Leonardo Da Vinci created art during the Renaissance
• Vincent Willem Van Gogh worked in the style of Impressionism
• Michelangelo created art during the Renaissance
• Claude Monet was an Impressionist painter
• Pablo Picasso was an abstract artist
• Edward Munch worked in the style of Expressionism

Filipino Visual Artists

• Fernando Amorsolo was the first National Artist and known as the 'Grand Old Man of Philippine Art'
• His works are displayed at The Vargas Museum
• Ang Kiukok was a National Artist in 2001
• Juan Luna was an artist
• Felix Hidalgo was an inspiration for members of the Philippine reform movement
• Vicente Manansala was a National Artist in 1982
• Carlos “Botong” Francisco was the best mural artist

Filipino Artisans

• Lang Dulay was a T’Boli artisan
• Magdalena Gamayo was an Ilocano artisan
• Eduardo Mutuc was a metalsmith
• Teofilo Garcia was a casque maker
• Yabing Masalon Dulo was an Ikat Weaver

Modern and Contemporary Art

• Modern art encompasses artworks produced during the 1860-1970 era
• Realism is a style of art developed
• Surrealism captures subjects from the world of dreams, imaginations, and fantasies
• Impressionism is a style of art developed

Art styles

• Pointillism involves painting tiny dots next to one another to form an image
• pioneered by Georges Seurat and Paul Signac in Paris in the mid-1880s
• Fauvism uses strong and bright colors
• Cubism was led by Paul Cezanne, the Father of Cubism
• Futurism relates to the future
• Virticism focused on the innovative advances of the machine age
• Constructivism uses simple geometric shapes and forms
• Suprematism was led by Kazimir Malevich
• De Stijl (Dutch for “The Style”) features strict geometry of horizontals and verticals
• Dada/Dadaism reacted against WW2

Contemporary Art

• Contemporary art is work made between 1970 and the present
• Pop Art includes popular and mass culture
• Photorealism is a style of art developed
• Conceptualism emphasizes ideas and concepts over traditional techniques
• Performance art is a style of art developed
• Installation Art is a style of art developed
• Earth Art transforms natural environments
• Street Art is a style of art developed