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Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of an element?
What is a characteristic of an element?
- It is a substance that consists of only one type of atom (correct)
- It has a variable composition and properties
- It is a physical blend of two or more substances
- It is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more different elements
What is a mixture?
What is a mixture?
- A physical blend of two or more substances, where each substance maintains its chemical properties (correct)
- A substance that consists of only one type of atom
- A substance that has a fixed composition and properties
- A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more different elements
What is a compound?
What is a compound?
- A physical blend of two or more substances, where each substance maintains its chemical properties
- A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more different elements (correct)
- A substance that has a variable composition and properties
- A substance that consists of only one type of atom
What is an example of a physical separation technique?
What is an example of a physical separation technique?
What is a characteristic of a pure substance?
What is a characteristic of a pure substance?
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Study Notes
Elements
- A substance that consists of only one type of atom
- Cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
- 118 known elements, each with a unique atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus)
- Examples: hydrogen (H), carbon (C), oxygen (O)
Mixtures
- A physical blend of two or more substances, where each substance maintains its chemical properties
- Can be separated into individual components by physical means (e.g., filtration, sedimentation)
- Properties of a mixture vary depending on the proportion of each component
- Examples: air (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide), soil (sand, silt, clay)
Compounds
- A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more different elements
- Have unique properties different from the individual elements
- Can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
- Examples: water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), sodium chloride (NaCl)
Pure Substances
- A substance that has a fixed composition and properties
- Can be either an element or a compound
- Has a unique set of physical and chemical properties
- Examples: pure water, pure sodium chloride (table salt)
Separation Techniques
Physical Separation Techniques
- Filtration: separating a mixture based on differences in particle size
- Sedimentation: separating a mixture based on differences in density
- Decantation: separating a mixture based on differences in density
- Crystallization: separating a mixture based on differences in solubility
Chemical Separation Techniques
- Distillation: separating a mixture based on differences in boiling points
- Chromatography: separating a mixture based on differences in affinity for a stationary phase
- Electrolysis: separating a mixture based on differences in electrical conductivity
Elements
- Consist of only one type of atom
- Cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
- 118 known elements, each with a unique atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus)
- Examples: hydrogen (H), carbon (C), oxygen (O)
Mixtures
- A physical blend of two or more substances, where each substance maintains its chemical properties
- Can be separated into individual components by physical means (e.g., filtration, sedimentation)
- Properties of a mixture vary depending on the proportion of each component
- Examples: air (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide), soil (sand, silt, clay)
Compounds
- Formed by the chemical combination of two or more different elements
- Have unique properties different from the individual elements
- Can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
- Examples: water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), sodium chloride (NaCl)
Pure Substances
- Have a fixed composition and properties
- Can be either an element or a compound
- Have a unique set of physical and chemical properties
- Examples: pure water, pure sodium chloride (table salt)
Separation Techniques
Physical Separation Techniques
- Filtration: separates a mixture based on differences in particle size
- Sedimentation: separates a mixture based on differences in density
- Decantation: separates a mixture based on differences in density
- Crystallization: separates a mixture based on differences in solubility
Chemical Separation Techniques
- Distillation: separates a mixture based on differences in boiling points
- Chromatography: separates a mixture based on differences in affinity for a stationary phase
- Electrolysis: separates a mixture based on differences in electrical conductivity
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