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Questions and Answers
What is the main characteristic that distinguishes compounds from their component elements?
Compounds have properties different from their component elements.
What is the fundamental difference between elements and compounds?
Elements consist of only one type of atom, while compounds are formed by the combination of two or more different elements.
What is the key characteristic of a mixture that distinguishes it from a compound?
In a mixture, each substance maintains its chemical properties.
What is the definition of an allotrope?
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What is the main characteristic of a solution?
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What is the key difference between a colloid and a suspension?
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What is the main characteristic of a suspension?
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What is the difference between a mixture and a compound in terms of the properties of the individual substances?
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Study Notes
Compounds
- A compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more different elements in a fixed ratio.
- Compounds have properties different from their component elements.
- Examples: water (H2O), salt (NaCl), sugar (C6H12O6)
Elements
- An element is a substance that consists of only one type of atom.
- Elements are the building blocks of matter and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
- Examples: hydrogen (H), carbon (C), oxygen (O)
Mixtures
- A mixture is a physical blend of two or more substances in which each substance maintains its chemical properties.
- Mixtures can be separated by physical means, such as filtration or distillation.
- Examples: air (a mixture of gases), sand and water, blood (a mixture of water, proteins, and other substances)
Allotropes
- Allotropes are different physical forms of an element, with the same atomic number but different atomic arrangements.
- Examples:
- Carbon: diamond, graphite, fullerenes
- Oxygen: molecular oxygen (O2), ozone (O3)
- Sulfur: rhombic sulfur, monoclinic sulfur
Solutions
- A solution is a homogeneous mixture in which one substance (the solute) is dissolved in another substance (the solvent).
- Solutions are transparent and do not separate into distinct phases.
- Examples: saltwater, sugar water, coffee
Colloids
- A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture in which the particles are dispersed throughout a solvent, but are not dissolved.
- Colloids are typically transparent or translucent, with particles that are between 1-1000 nm in size.
- Examples:
- Whipped cream (fat molecules dispersed in air)
- Fog (water droplets dispersed in air)
- Milk (fat molecules and casein proteins dispersed in water)
Suspensions
- A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which the particles are dispersed throughout a solvent, but are not dissolved.
- Suspensions are typically opaque, with particles that are larger than 1000 nm in size.
- Examples:
- Mud (clay particles suspended in water)
- Paint (pigments suspended in a solvent)
- Blood (red and white blood cells suspended in plasma)
Compounds
- Formed by the chemical combination of two or more different elements in a fixed ratio.
- Properties are different from their component elements.
- Examples: water (H2O), salt (NaCl), sugar (C6H12O6).
Elements
- Consist of only one type of atom.
- Building blocks of matter, cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
- Examples: hydrogen (H), carbon (C), oxygen (O).
Mixtures
- Physical blend of two or more substances.
- Each substance maintains its chemical properties.
- Can be separated by physical means, such as filtration or distillation.
- Examples: air, sand and water, blood.
Allotropes
- Different physical forms of an element.
- Same atomic number but different atomic arrangements.
- Examples: carbon (diamond, graphite, fullerenes), oxygen (molecular oxygen, ozone).
Solutions
- Homogeneous mixture in which one substance (solute) is dissolved in another substance (solvent).
- Transparent and do not separate into distinct phases.
- Examples: saltwater, sugar water, coffee.
Colloids
- Heterogeneous mixture with particles dispersed throughout a solvent.
- Particles are between 1-1000 nm in size.
- Transparent or translucent.
- Examples: whipped cream, fog, milk.
Suspensions
- Heterogeneous mixture with particles dispersed throughout a solvent.
- Particles are larger than 1000 nm in size.
- Opaque.
- Examples: mud, paint, blood.
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Description
Understand the basics of chemistry, including the definition and examples of elements and compounds, and how they differ from each other.
