Electrotherapy Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary contraindication for using FES?

  • Morbid obesity (correct)
  • Controlled hypertension
  • Good skin condition for electrodes
  • Severe spasticity

    • What is the recommended frequency for effective tetanic contraction in FES?

  • 50-60 Hz
  • 70-80 Hz
  • 10-15 Hz
  • 20-40 Hz (correct)

    • Which of the following factors is not needed to support the use of FES for standing?

  • Adequate cognitive skills
  • Strength in upper limbs
  • Good balance
  • Pulmonary function (correct)

    • What is the ideal characteristic of electrodes used in FES applications?

    <p>Transcutaneous and easy to apply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential disadvantage of using higher frequency settings above 50 Hz in FES?

    <p>Risk of muscle fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of system uses a handheld pistol-like applicator attached to a pneumatic system?

    <p>Radial system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parameter describes the depth and focus of energy delivery in focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy (f-ESWT)?

    <p>Deep at a focal point (greater than 5 cm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy (f-ESWT) from radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (r-ESWT)?

    <p>f-ESWT enables deeper penetration at a specific point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is energy flux density (EFD) calculated in extracorporeal shock wave therapy?

    <p>EFD = E / A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of applicator is specifically designed for acupuncture points and connective tissues?

    <p>Direct beam applicator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency range classified as medium intensity in electrotherapy?

    <p>1000 until 500,000 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electrical transfer is specifically noted for its direct contact application?

    <p>Capacitive electrical transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How deep is UHF therapy said to penetrate compared to other forms of electrotherapy?

    <p>More than microwave and shortwave (6 cm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum pressure applied in shockwave therapy?

    <p>100 MPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which frequency range is classified as high intensity in electrotherapy?

    <p>More than 500,000 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'chronaxie' refer to in the context of pulse duration?

    <p>Best pulse duration for eliciting a response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the wavelength of shortwave therapy?

    <p>11m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ultrasound is characterized as having a frequency of more than 20,000 Hz?

    <p>Ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ultrasound frequency is appropriate for a depth of 4 cm?

    <p>1 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duty cycle for a pulsed ultrasound with a pulse ratio of 1:2?

    <p>33%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for ultrasound therapy?

    <p>Recent wound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which method of application does the soundhead remain motionless over the treatment area?

    <p>Stationary technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common precaution when using ultrasound therapy?

    <p>Cavities with air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pulse ratio reflects a duty cycle of 50%?

    <p>1:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of electrical stimulation in nerve regeneration?

    <p>To maintain muscle trophism while waiting for reinnervation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of phonophoresis in ultrasound therapy?

    <p>To deliver medication through the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments would not typically be indicated for ultrasound therapy?

    <p>Acute inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pulse produces a response in both innervated and denervated fibers within the same muscle?

    <p>Rectangular pulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the chronaxie in pulse duration?

    <p>It helps to adjust the pulse duration for better response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using biofeedback, what fundamental technique is primarily employed to aid patient learning?

    <p>Operant conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of pulses recommended per muscle per day during treatment?

    <p>10 pulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which application condition is specified for denervated muscles?

    <p>Bipolar application over affected muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the feedback received by patients using biofeedback techniques?

    <p>It provides immediate, timely, and accurate information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pulse duration adjustment is recommended if the chronaxie is higher than 30 ms?

    <p>Apply isolated rectangular pulses with the same duration as chronaxie.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an advantage of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) for gait and standing?

    <p>Reduce use of affected limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main benefits of using the HANDMASTER NESS device?

    <p>Restores grip function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which frequency range is categorized as therapeutic conventional ultrasounds?

    <p>1-3 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the reverse piezoelectric effect involve?

    <p>High-frequency electrical current causing mechanical deformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following outcomes can be achieved through the PEDAL system for FES-cycling?

    <p>Improvement in vascular health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary applications of ultrasound therapy mentioned?

    <p>Treating soft tissue pathologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT indicated for antiequinus treatment with Functional Electrical Stimulation?

    <p>Chronic fatigue syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the application of FES provide for neurological patients, as highlighted in the conclusion?

    <p>Improved functional and psychological benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Electrotherapy Ordinary

    • Low intensity: less than 1000 Hz, pulsed, uninterrupted
    • Medium intensity: 1000-500,000 Hz
    • High intensity: more than 500,000 Hz
    • Capacitive electrical transfer: shortwave, UHV, microwave
    • Phototherapy: laser, UV, IR
    • Vibrotherapy: shockwave, ultrasound
    • Magnetotherapy: electrical capacitive transfer (0.448 MHz)
    • UHF: 434 MHz, wavelength 69 cm(non-contact), deeper than microwave and shortwave (6 cm increased skin temp)
    • Shortwave: wavelength 11m, frequency 27 MHz
    • Microwave: 12.5 cm, frequency 2450 MHz, 5-10 cm from patient
    • Shockwave: Max duration 10 ns, pressure 100 MPa or 500 bar, frequency 16-20 MHz
    • Ultrasound: (no specific frequency or wavelength mentioned)

    SD Curves

    • Relationship shows the currents amplitude and pulse duration
    • Aim to maintain the functional state of the neuromuscular system or strengthen muscles.
    • External electrical stimulus needs more intensity to produce same stimulus as pulse duration decreases.

    Electrode Placement

    • Monopolar: cathode, anode
    • Bipolar: Two electrodes (distal/proximal electrodes), voltage and distance vary
    • Variation: neutral (plexus), proximal/distal, neutral over NMP, Active over MMP

    Other notes

    • Pulse duration: Rectangular pulses: 1000ms, interval 3 seconds, decreasing to 0ms
    • Triangular pulses: Similar to rectangular
    • Intensity: Watch for contraction, minimum intensity for minimum contraction
    • MUT: Muscle utilization time (1-10ms)
    • Faradic threshold: Minimum intensity for minimum contraction with 1ms rectangular pulse (burst of rectangular pulses or isolated pulses needed)
    • Chronaxie: Best pulse duration for denervation, higher intensity needed
    • Normal values: 100-700 us (0.1-0.7ms)
    • Different types of nerve fibers: threshold stimulus to create an action potential, denervated skeletal muscle fibers.

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    Related Documents

    Electrotherapy Ordinary PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on various electrotherapy modalities including low, medium, and high-intensity applications. Explore concepts like capacitive electrical transfer, phototherapy, vibrotherapy, and more. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of electrical currents and their therapeutic uses.

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