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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the behavior of charges in an irregularly shaped solid conductor?
Which of the following best describes the behavior of charges in an irregularly shaped solid conductor?
- Charge density is greatest where the surface curves least sharply.
- Charges distribute evenly throughout the conductor.
- Charge density is greatest where the surface curves most sharply. (correct)
- Charges accumulate only at the center of the conductor.
What is the primary mechanism of charge transfer according to the electron-proton transfer model?
What is the primary mechanism of charge transfer according to the electron-proton transfer model?
- Transfer of both electrons and protons.
- Simultaneous transfer of electrons and neutrons.
- Transfer of protons from one atom to another.
- Transfer of electrons from one atom to another. (correct)
What happens to the leaves of a metal leaf electroscope when it is charged?
What happens to the leaves of a metal leaf electroscope when it is charged?
- The leaves remain hanging straight down.
- The leaves first repel and then attract.
- The leaves repel each other. (correct)
- The leaves move closer together.
A neutral object is brought near a charged object. What is the expected interaction?
A neutral object is brought near a charged object. What is the expected interaction?
What distinguishes a conductor from an insulator regarding electron behavior?
What distinguishes a conductor from an insulator regarding electron behavior?
A negatively charged plastic rod is brought near a neutral object. How will electrons distribute on the rod?
A negatively charged plastic rod is brought near a neutral object. How will electrons distribute on the rod?
What is the symbol and unit for electric charge?
What is the symbol and unit for electric charge?
How many elementary charges are in one Coulomb of charge?
How many elementary charges are in one Coulomb of charge?
When two objects are rubbed together, what determines which object gains electrons and which loses them?
When two objects are rubbed together, what determines which object gains electrons and which loses them?
What is the key difference between charging by conduction and charging by induction?
What is the key difference between charging by conduction and charging by induction?
If a neutral electroscope is touched by a negatively charged rod, what charge does the electroscope gain?
If a neutral electroscope is touched by a negatively charged rod, what charge does the electroscope gain?
When a negatively charged rod is brought near a neutral electroscope, the leaves of the electroscope spread to a certain degree. What happens to this leaf spread if the negatively charged rod is then removed?
When a negatively charged rod is brought near a neutral electroscope, the leaves of the electroscope spread to a certain degree. What happens to this leaf spread if the negatively charged rod is then removed?
How can a neutral electroscope be permanently charged positively via induction?
How can a neutral electroscope be permanently charged positively via induction?
During the process of charging by conduction, what happens to the charge of the object used to charge the neutral object?
During the process of charging by conduction, what happens to the charge of the object used to charge the neutral object?
What is the primary difference between charging an insulator and a conductor by contact?
What is the primary difference between charging an insulator and a conductor by contact?
Which of the following is true regarding the net charge of an isolated system when any of the charging methods occur?
Which of the following is true regarding the net charge of an isolated system when any of the charging methods occur?
Flashcards
Electrostatics
Electrostatics
The study of electric charges that are stationary or not in motion.
Electron-Proton Transfer Model
Electron-Proton Transfer Model
The idea that electrons can move, while protons are fixed within the nucleus of an atom. This movement causes objects to become charged. Excess electrons = negative charge. Deficit of electrons = positive charge.
Law of Charges
Law of Charges
Like charges repel (push away) and unlike charges attract (pull together).
Conservation of Charge
Conservation of Charge
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Coulomb (C)
Coulomb (C)
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Elementary Charge (e)
Elementary Charge (e)
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Conductors
Conductors
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Insulators
Insulators
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Charging by Friction
Charging by Friction
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Charging by Conduction
Charging by Conduction
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Induced Charge Separation
Induced Charge Separation
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Materials with a Strong Hold on Electrons
Materials with a Strong Hold on Electrons
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Materials with a Weak Hold on Electrons
Materials with a Weak Hold on Electrons
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Grounding
Grounding
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Electroscope
Electroscope
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Study Notes
Electrostatics
- All matter is composed of atoms
- Protons are positive, electrons are negative, neutral objects have equal amounts of protons and electrons
- Electrons move; protons do not
- Excess electrons = negative charge
- Deficit of electrons = positive charge
- Like charges repel, unlike charges attract
- Charge is conserved in a closed system
- Unit of charge is the Coulomb (C), symbol q
- 1 Coulomb = 6.25 x 1018 protons or an equal number of electrons
- Elementary charge (e) = 1.6 x 10-19 C
- Charge on one electron = -1.6 x 10-19 C
- Charge on one proton = +1.6 x 10-19 C
- Charge is quantized
Conductivity
- Conductivity describes how easily electrons move through a material
- Conductors allow electron flow easily (metals, ionic solutions)
- Insulators do not allow electron flow easily (wood, plastics, glass)
- Superconductors have extremely high conductivity
Increasing Conductivities
- Negatively Charged Metallic Sphere: Electrons are free to move as far apart as possible
- Negatively Charged Plastic Rod: electrons are forced to stay at one end of the rod since they aren't free to flow
Electroscopes
- Instruments to detect charges
- Metal leaf electroscope: Metallic knob, stem, insulating rubber stopper, glass box, metal foil
- Neutral: Leaves hang straight down
- Charged: Leaves repel each other (same charge)
- Tin Foil Straw Electroscope: Straw hangs vertically when neutral, repels when charged
Methods of Charging
- Charging by Friction: Objects gain or lose electrons when rubbed together (high electron affinity). Materials with a stronger hold on electrons will have a higher electron affinity. Materials listed on the top of the electrostatic series have a high electron affinity, meaning they will tend to acquire electrons and become negatively charged when rubbed against materials lower on the series. Materials listed lower tend to lose electrons when rubbed against materials on top, and become positively charged.
- Charging by Contact (Conduction): Charging a neutral object by touching it with a charged object. The quantity of charge transferred depends on the size and shape of the objects. Same size objects = same charge; Bigger size object = bigger charge.
- Charging by Induction: A charged object is brought near a neutral object. Electrons are attracted or repelled, shifting the charge distribution in the neutral object. This is a temporary charge separation, and only occurs if the object is grounded.
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Description
Test your understanding of electrostatics and conductivity concepts. This quiz covers the fundamental principles of charge, the behavior of electrons, and the properties of conductors and insulators. Ensure you grasp the intricacies of charge conservation and conductivity types.
