Electrostatics and Atomic Structure Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following materials are conductors of electricity? (Select all that apply)

  • Human skin (correct)
  • Paper
  • Beryllium (correct)
  • Glass
  • Air
  • Copper (correct)
  • Pure water
  • Rubber
  • Silver (Ag) (correct)
  • Gold (Au) (correct)

What is the unit of measurement for electric current?

Amperes (A)

Ohm's Law describes the relationship between ______, ______, and ______ in an electrical circuit.

Voltage, current, resistance

What is the formula for calculating electric power?

<p>Power = Current × Voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electric field lines always point towards a negative charge.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI unit for electric charge?

<p>Coulombs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The electric force between two charges is ______ to the product of the two charges.

<p>proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

The electric force between two charges is inversely proportional to the ______ of the distance between the charges.

<p>square</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of the Coulomb constant (kc)?

<p>8.9875 × 10⁹ N.m²/C²</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ is an atom that has gained one or more electrons.

<p>negative ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

In any charging process, charge is destroyed.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the force that holds protons and neutrons together within the nucleus of an atom?

<p>The strong nuclear force</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net charge of a neutral atom?

<p>Zero (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If one or more electrons are removed from an atom, what is the resulting particle called?

<p>A positive ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

The triboelectric series is a list of materials and their tendency to gain or lose electrons when rubbed together.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods describes charging an object by direct contact with another charged object?

<p>Charging by conduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the gain or loss of electrons in an atom?

<p>Ionization</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a conductor and an insulator in terms of electron flow?

<p>In conductors, electrons are free to move, while in insulators they are tightly bound to the atoms and cannot move easily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between conventional current and electron flow.

<p>Conventional current is the flow of positive charge, which is opposite to the actual flow of negatively charged electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of electrostatic force, what happens when two like charges interact?

<p>They repel each other (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a device that stores energy in an electric field?

<p>Capacitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

The electric force between two charges is always attractive.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the electric field produced by a single point charge?

<p>Radial electric field</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Electrostatics

The study of interactions between stationary electric charges.

Electrostatic Force

The force of attraction or repulsion between two electrically charged objects.

Atom

The fundamental building block of all matter, composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Nucleus

A small, dense core of an atom containing protons and neutrons.

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Proton

A positively charged particle located in the nucleus of an atom.

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Neutron

A neutrally charged particle located in the nucleus of an atom.

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Electron

A negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus of an atom.

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Strong Nuclear Force

The attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of an atom.

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Negative Ion

An atom that has gained one or more electrons and therefore carries a negative charge.

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Positive Ion

An atom that has lost one or more electrons and therefore carries a positive charge.

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Ionization

The process of adding or removing electrons from an atom to create ions.

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Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element.

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Charging by Friction

The process of transferring electrons from one object to another by rubbing them together.

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Triboelectric Series

A list of materials ranked by their tendency to gain or lose electrons when rubbed against other materials.

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Law of Charges

The law that states that like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other.

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Conservation of Charge

The principle that the total electric charge in a closed system remains constant.

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Charging by Conduction

Transferring electrons from a charged object to another object by direct contact.

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Conductors

Materials that allow electric charge to flow freely through them.

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Insulators

Materials that resist the flow of electric charge.

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Charging by Induction

The movement of electrons to one part of an object due to the electric field of another object.

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Current

The time rate of flow of electric charge through a conductor.

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Resistance

The opposition to the flow of electric charge in a material.

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Voltage

A measure of the electric potential difference between two points in a circuit, often referred to as voltage.

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Ohm's Law

The equation that describes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in a circuit: V = IR.

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Power

The rate at which electrical energy is converted into other forms of energy, often referred to as power.

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Electric Field

The force exerted on a charge by an electric field, measured in Newtons per Coulomb (N/C).

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Coulomb (C)

The SI unit for electric charge, representing the charge of a single proton or electron.

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Coulomb's Law

The force of attraction or repulsion between two charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

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Coulomb's Constant (k)

The constant of proportionality in Coulomb's Law, approximately equal to 8.9875 x 10^9 Nm^2/C^2.

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Electric Potential

The potential energy per unit charge at a point in an electric field.

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Study Notes

Learning Objectives

  • Calculate the net electric force on a point charge exerted by a system of point charges
  • Solve problems involving electric charges

Atoms

  • Atoms can be described using three particles:
    • The negatively charged electron
    • The positively charged proton
    • The neutrally charged neutron
  • Protons and neutrons form a nucleus, a small, dense core within the atom
  • The strong nuclear force holds protons and neutrons within the nucleus
  • Negatively charged electrons are held within the atom by the attractive electric forces exerted by the positively charged nucleus

Electrostatic Force

  • The attractive or repulsive force between two electrically charged objects
  • Electrostatics are interactions between electric charges that are at rest

Atomic Particle Masses

  • Proton = 1.672621898(21) × 10⁻²⁷ kg
  • Neutron = 1.674927471(21) × 10⁻²⁷ kg
  • Electron = 9.10938356(11) × 10⁻³¹ kg

Charge and Mass of Atomic Particles

Particle Charge (C) Mass (kg)
electron -1.60 × 10⁻¹⁹ 9.109 × 10⁻³¹
proton +1.60 × 10⁻¹⁹ 1.673 × 10⁻²⁷
neutron 0 1.675 × 10⁻²⁷

Atoms (Neutral Atoms)

  • In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons in the nucleus, and the net electric charge is exactly zero
  • The atomic number is the number of protons or electrons in a neutral atom of an element

Methods of Charging

  • Charging by friction: Occurs when objects are rubbed against each other, causing a transfer of electrons
  • Charging by conduction: Transfer of electrons from a charged object to another object by direct contact. Conductors can be charged by conduction
  • Charging by induction: Movement of electrons to one part of an object by the electric field of another object. The opposite type of charge is produced in the induction process

Triboelectric Series

  • A list of objects and their tendency to give up or take electrons when charged by friction with other objects

Law of Charges

  • Two positive charges or two negative charges repel each other
  • A positive charge and a negative charge attract each other
  • Like charges repel, unlike charges attract

Conservation of Charge

  • The algebraic sum of all the electric charges in any closed system is constant
  • In any charging process, charge is not created or destroyed; it is merely transferred from one body to another

Conductors and Insulators

  • Conductors: Materials whose electric charges are free to move within
  • Insulators: Materials in which electric charges are not free to move within

Coulomb's Law

  • The electric force between two charges is proportional to the product of the two charges

  • The electric force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the charges

  • Felectric = kc q1 q2 / r2

    Where:

  • Felectric is the electric force

  • kc is the Coulomb constant

  • q1 and q2 are the magnitudes of the charges

  • r is the distance between the charges

Different Areas of Study

  • Learning objectives
  • Types of atoms
  • Forces involved
  • Charges and properties
  • Types of matter involved
  • Types of charging

Current

  • Defined as the time rate of flow of electric charge
  • Measured in Amperes (A)
    • I = q/t

Voltage

  • Also known as electric potential difference
  • The amount of work it would take to move a charge between two points divided by the charge
  • Measured in Volts (V)
    • V = W/q

Resistance

  • Opposition to the flow of charge because of collisions within the conducting material
  • Measured in Ohms (Ω)

Ohm's Law

  • Voltage = Current x Resistance
  • V = IR

Wattage (Electric Power)

  • When current exists in a circuit, work is done to overcome resistance and power is expended
  • Power = Current x Voltage
  • P = IV
  • Power = (Current)² x Resistance, P= I²R

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