Electrostatics and Atomic Structure Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following materials are conductors of electricity? (Select all that apply)

Human skin (correct)

Paper

Beryllium (correct)

Glass

Air

Copper (correct)

Pure water

Rubber

Silver (Ag) (correct)

Gold (Au) (correct)

What is the unit of measurement for electric current?

Amperes (A)

Ohm's Law describes the relationship between , , and __ in an electrical circuit.

Voltage, current, resistance

What is the formula for calculating electric power?

Power = Current × Voltage Signup and view all the answers

Electric field lines always point towards a negative charge.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI unit for electric charge?

Coulombs (C) Signup and view all the answers

The electric force between two charges is ______ to the product of the two charges.

proportional Signup and view all the answers

The electric force between two charges is inversely proportional to the ______ of the distance between the charges.

square Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of the Coulomb constant (kc)?

8.9875 × 10⁹ N.m²/C² Signup and view all the answers

A ______ is an atom that has gained one or more electrons.

negative ion Signup and view all the answers

In any charging process, charge is destroyed.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the force that holds protons and neutrons together within the nucleus of an atom?

The strong nuclear force Signup and view all the answers

What is the net charge of a neutral atom?

Zero (A) Signup and view all the answers

If one or more electrons are removed from an atom, what is the resulting particle called?

A positive ion Signup and view all the answers

The triboelectric series is a list of materials and their tendency to gain or lose electrons when rubbed together.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods describes charging an object by direct contact with another charged object?

Charging by conduction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the gain or loss of electrons in an atom?

Ionization Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a conductor and an insulator in terms of electron flow?

In conductors, electrons are free to move, while in insulators they are tightly bound to the atoms and cannot move easily. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between conventional current and electron flow.

Conventional current is the flow of positive charge, which is opposite to the actual flow of negatively charged electrons. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of electrostatic force, what happens when two like charges interact?

They repel each other (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a device that stores energy in an electric field?

Capacitor Signup and view all the answers

The electric force between two charges is always attractive.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the electric field produced by a single point charge?

Radial electric field Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Learning Objectives

Calculate the net electric force on a point charge exerted by a system of point charges
Solve problems involving electric charges

Atoms

Atoms can be described using three particles:
- The negatively charged electron
- The positively charged proton
- The neutrally charged neutron
Protons and neutrons form a nucleus, a small, dense core within the atom
The strong nuclear force holds protons and neutrons within the nucleus
Negatively charged electrons are held within the atom by the attractive electric forces exerted by the positively charged nucleus

Electrostatic Force

The attractive or repulsive force between two electrically charged objects
Electrostatics are interactions between electric charges that are at rest

Atomic Particle Masses

Proton = 1.672621898(21) × 10⁻²⁷ kg
Neutron = 1.674927471(21) × 10⁻²⁷ kg
Electron = 9.10938356(11) × 10⁻³¹ kg

Charge and Mass of Atomic Particles

Particle	Charge (C)	Mass (kg)
electron	-1.60 × 10⁻¹⁹	9.109 × 10⁻³¹
proton	+1.60 × 10⁻¹⁹	1.673 × 10⁻²⁷
neutron	0	1.675 × 10⁻²⁷

Atoms (Neutral Atoms)

In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons in the nucleus, and the net electric charge is exactly zero
The atomic number is the number of protons or electrons in a neutral atom of an element

Methods of Charging

Charging by friction: Occurs when objects are rubbed against each other, causing a transfer of electrons
Charging by conduction: Transfer of electrons from a charged object to another object by direct contact. Conductors can be charged by conduction
Charging by induction: Movement of electrons to one part of an object by the electric field of another object. The opposite type of charge is produced in the induction process

Triboelectric Series

A list of objects and their tendency to give up or take electrons when charged by friction with other objects

Law of Charges

Two positive charges or two negative charges repel each other
A positive charge and a negative charge attract each other
Like charges repel, unlike charges attract

Conservation of Charge

The algebraic sum of all the electric charges in any closed system is constant
In any charging process, charge is not created or destroyed; it is merely transferred from one body to another

Conductors and Insulators

Conductors: Materials whose electric charges are free to move within
Insulators: Materials in which electric charges are not free to move within

Coulomb's Law

The electric force between two charges is proportional to the product of the two charges
The electric force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the charges
F_electric = k_c q₁ q₂ / r²

Where:
F_electric is the electric force
k_c is the Coulomb constant
q₁ and q₂ are the magnitudes of the charges
r is the distance between the charges

Different Areas of Study

Learning objectives
Types of atoms
Forces involved
Charges and properties
Types of matter involved
Types of charging

Current

Defined as the time rate of flow of electric charge
Measured in Amperes (A)
- I = q/t

Voltage

Also known as electric potential difference
The amount of work it would take to move a charge between two points divided by the charge
Measured in Volts (V)
- V = W/q

Resistance

Opposition to the flow of charge because of collisions within the conducting material
Measured in Ohms (Ω)

Ohm's Law

Voltage = Current x Resistance
V = IR

Wattage (Electric Power)

When current exists in a circuit, work is done to overcome resistance and power is expended
Power = Current x Voltage
P = IV
Power = (Current)² x Resistance, P= I²R

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Description

Test your understanding of electrostatic forces and atomic particles with this quiz. You'll explore concepts such as the net electric force on point charges, the role of protons, neutrons, and electrons, and their respective masses. Challenge yourself to solve problems related to electric charges and their interactions.