Electrophysiology of Membrane Potentials

<p>Temperature change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cl- (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biochemical-gated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Channels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are depolarization-gated channels that allow influx of Na+ ions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binding of neurotransmitter to receptor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moves 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inward flux of Na+ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enlarges the central region, causing the channel to open (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The membrane potential is more negative than -40 mV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depolarization reaching a threshold (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patch clamp recording (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An increase in voltage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative inside relative to outside (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leakage channels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows certain ions to pass through while restricting others (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Goldman Equation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Graded response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The current increases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The driving force for Na+ is high, resulting in explosive influx. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High driving force for K+ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cryo-EM technique (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its selectivity filter and pore structure were determined. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reveals hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains of the gene. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reflects voltage changes across a distance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through gene sequences and hydrophobicity plots. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They express injected, exogenous mRNA coding for channel proteins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patch clamp electrophysiology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Na channels open and then inactivate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe Myoclonic Epilepsy of Infancy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They open with VM+ and close with VM-. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They close. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ion channels sometimes obey Ohm's law V = iR. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The resting membrane potential considering multiple ions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High potassium permeability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potassium (K+) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases trans-membrane input resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trans-membrane input resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium-potassium pump (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Membrane capacitance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Channels that open when a neurotransmitter binds, causing a conformational change.

Channels that open in response to changes in membrane potential, moving voltage sensors trigger the opening.

Channels that open when mechanical force or stretch is applied to them.

The electric potential difference across the cell membrane at rest, typically -40 mV to -100 mV.

A pump that moves 3 Na+ out of the cell and 2 K+ into the cell, creating a charge separation.

A channel that opens in response to membrane depolarization, allowing Na+ ions to flow in.

A change in membrane potential that makes the inside of a cell more positive.

The flow of electrical charge carried by ions through channels in the membrane.

A double layer of lipids that forms the cell membrane, acting as a barrier to ion diffusion.

Channels that open or close in response to specific stimuli, allowing selective ion flow.

Channels that permit the influx of positive ions, contributing to depolarization.

Channels that allow potassium ions to exit the cell, causing hyperpolarization.

Channels that open in response to biochemical signals like G proteins or cyclic nucleotides.

The ability of the membrane to allow certain ions to pass while blocking others.

An equation used to calculate the equilibrium potential of an ion.

Calculates membrane potential based on multiple ion permeabilities.

The electrical potential that exactly balances an ion's concentration gradient.

Protein structures that allow specific ions to flow through the membrane.

The ability of the cell membrane to store an electrical charge.

A membrane protein that moves sodium out and potassium into the cell, using energy.

V = iR describes the relationship between voltage (V), current (i), and resistance (R).

IION = gION (VM - EION) measures the driving force of ions across a membrane.

A membrane state where K+ efflux is low, maintaining resting potential (RP).

A membrane state where Na+ influx occurs explosively near ENa+.

Measures how far a voltage change can spread along a neuron.

Indicates how quickly a membrane potential changes in response to current injection.

Permeability (PION) relates to the ease ions can pass through the membrane.

An electrophysiological technique used to study ion channels at a single-cell level.

Oocytes are used to express exogenous mRNA coding for ion channel proteins.

mRNA that is injected into oocytes to produce ion channel proteins.

A technique used to study ion channels by measuring current flow.

Diseases caused by dysfunctional ion channels.

Include conditions like Hyperkalemic and Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis.

Include types of epilepsy associated with Na+ channel dysfunction.

Na+ channels open, allow Na+ in, then inactivate with hyperpolarization.

V = iR; describes how ion channels obey electrical principles.

The electrical potential difference across a cell membrane.

A rapid change in membrane potential that propagates along an axon.

A decrease in membrane potential, making the inside of the cell more positive.

An increase in membrane potential, making the inside of the cell more negative.

A variable response to stimuli, unlike an all-or-nothing action potential.

A technique to measure ionic currents while holding the membrane potential constant.