Electronics & Semiconductors Quiz

<p>6.626 x 10^-34 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electronic energy levels in crystals are influenced by the interaction between atoms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The energy gained by an electron when moving through a potential difference of 1 volt. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hole is created when an electron is removed from a semiconductor atom. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pentavalent impurity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases the number of free holes in the valence band (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bond is responsible for the high conductivity of the semiconductor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.8 eV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is extremely low at zero Kelvin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Donor impurities increase conductivity by creating free electrons, while acceptor impurities create holes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because each atom contributes four valence electrons to the bond. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impurities can either increase or decrease the conductivity depending on the type of impurity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concentration of holes decreases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Holes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The intrinsic concentration of charge carriers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gallium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It explains the relationship between the concentrations of electrons and holes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>n = p (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To increase the conductivity of the semiconductor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hole is a vacant energy level, carrying a positive charge. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.6 x 10^-4 (ohm/cm)^-1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-1.6 x 10^-19 x 10^16 cm^-3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.15 x 10^16 cm^-3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3.6 x 10^-6 (ohm/cm)^-1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The conductivity is directly proportional to the electron density. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The magnetic field applied to the semiconductor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the square root of the product of electron and hole densities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8 x 10^-4 C/cm^3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The interaction between atoms in the crystal modifies their energy levels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The forbidden energy gap between the valence and conduction bands is very large. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semiconductors have a smaller forbidden energy gap than insulators. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The valence and conduction bands overlap in metals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thermal energy is insufficient to excite electrons to the conduction band. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An empty space left behind when an electron moves from the valence to the conduction band. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It creates a new energy level just below the conduction band. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The extra electron contributed by the pentavalent impurity is weakly bound to the impurity atom. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Energy levels in solids including valence and conduction bands.

Materials with extremely poor electrical conductivity and a large forbidden energy gap.

Materials with moderate conductivity and a small forbidden energy gap.

Materials with overlapping valence and conduction bands, allowing easy flow of electricity.

The energy difference between the valence band and the conduction band in a material.

Electrons that gain enough energy to jump from the valence band to the conduction band.

Vacant states in the conduction band caused by removed electrons.

Pentavalent impurities added to semiconductors creating states just below the conduction band.

The science of electrons and their movement under electric and magnetic fields.

Electronics is used in communication, entertainment, and more.

The smallest, negatively charged particle with a charge of -1.6 x 10^-19 coulombs.

A unit of measure for energy, defined as the kinetic energy gained by an electron moving through 1 volt.

1s^2 2s^2 2p^2; relates to how electrons are arranged in an atom.

Describes how electrons exist in a solid material, leading to conduction properties.

Electrons can behave like waves, with a wavelength tied to their velocity.

An impurity atom that donates one conduction electron, increasing conductivity.

A trivalent impurity that creates a hole by accepting an electron, leading to p-type conductivity.

A strong bond formed by the sharing of valence electrons between atoms.

A pure semiconductor without any significant dopant atoms, leading to low conductivity.

Energy used to break covalent bonds in semiconductors, enabling electron movement.

Occurs when an electron leaves its covalent bond, creating a positively charged vacancy.

Electrons carry negative charge, while holes represent missing electrons with a positive charge.

A highly ordered structure in which semiconductor atoms are arranged, resembling diamond lattice.

Breaking a covalent bond results in an electron leaving and creating a vacancy, or hole, which carries a positive charge.

Semiconductors doped with impurities to enhance conductivity, as pure semiconductors have low conductivity at room temperature.

In n-type semiconductors, free electrons dominate, while in p-type, holes dominate.

In n-type semiconductors, holes are minority carriers, while in p-type, free electrons are minority carriers.

In thermal equilibrium, the product of concentrations of electrons (n) and holes (p) is constant, expressed as np = ni^2.

The concentration of electrons equals the concentration of holes in pure semiconductors, represented as ni.

The amount of charge per unit volume in semiconductors from electrons and holes movement.

n + Na = p + Nd, relating electron and hole densities.

The formula for conductivity in semiconductors: σ = q(nμn + pμp).

Semiconductors where electron density (n) greatly exceeds hole density (p).

The inherent conductivity of a semiconductor without impurities.

P-type impurities added to semiconductors, promoting hole density.

N-type impurities added, contributing electrons to the semiconductor.

Conductivity of silicon at room temperature, considering intrinsic and doped conditions.