Electronics Introduction

Introduction to Electronics

• Electronics is the branch of science that deals with the study of flow and control of electrons (electricity) and their behavior and effects in vacuums, gases, and semiconductors.
• It involves the development and application of devices and systems involving the flow of electrons or other carriers of electric charge.

Evolution of Electronics

• Electronics has evolved from gas-state to solid-state.

Semiconductor Devices

• Semiconductor devices can have 2-layers, 3-layers, 4-layers, and Integrated Circuits (ICs).

Atomic Theory

• 1 proton is equal to 1836 electrons.
• The atomic mass (mA) is equal to the sum of the mass of electrons (me), protons (mp), and neutrons (mn).
• The atomic number is equal to the number of protons.

Bohr's Model

• Atoms have a planetary type of structure that consists of a central nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons.
• Example: Copper (29) has a planetary type of structure.

Valence Electron and Crystalline Structure

• Valence electrons are the outermost electrons in an atom.
• Crystalline structure is formed by covalent bonding, which is the sharing of electrons.

Categories of Materials

• Materials can be classified based on their energy gap (Eg), which can be approximately 0 eV, 5 eV, or 1 eV.

Ionization and Recombination

• At absolute zero temperature, there are no free electrons.
• Ionization is the process of losing (or gaining) a valence electron.
• Recombination occurs when a conduction band electron loses energy and falls back into a hole in the valence band.

Semiconductor Materials

• GaAs (Gallium Arsenide) is 5 times faster than Si (Silicon) and 2 times faster than Ge (Germanium).

Doping

• Doping is the intentional introduction of impurities into an intrinsic semiconductor to modulate its electrical, optical, and structural properties.
• The doped material is referred to as an extrinsic semiconductor.

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Materials

• Intrinsic materials are pure semiconductors without impurities.
• Extrinsic materials are semiconductors with impurities introduced intentionally.

PN Device (Diode)

• A PN device, also known as a diode, is a type of semiconductor device.
• It can be operated at instant and at room temperature.

Assessment

• Multiple choice questions to assess understanding of semiconductor behavior, resistance, charge carriers, and doping.

This quiz covers the basics of electronics, including the definition and introduction to the field of electronics. It explores the study of the flow and control of electrons and their behavior in different environments.