Electronics Basics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the current when a capacitor starts to fill with charge?

  • The current remains constant.
  • The current increases rapidly.
  • The capacitor eliminates the current.
  • The current decreases. (correct)

A capacitor allows continuous current to flow through it.

True (A)

What type of current can flow through a capacitor?

Alternating current (A.C.)

When a capacitor is fully charged, it acts like an open type of ______.

<p>circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Direct Current (D.C) = Current that flows in one direction Alternating Current (A.C) = Current that changes direction periodically Capacitor = Device that stores electric charge Resistance = Opposition to the flow of current</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for voltage?

<p>Volts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Current flows from negative to positive in a circuit.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do resistors primarily control in a circuit?

<p>Current flow and voltage drops</p> Signup and view all the answers

Power is measured in __________.

<p>Watts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components with their functions:

<p>Resistor = Controls current flow Voltage = Difference in charge Power = Work done in a circuit Current = Flow of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by a floating ground?

<p>It refers to a ground that is not connected to the earth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ±10% resistor with a value of 100 ohms can have a resistance between 90 and 110 ohms.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a resistor when high current flows through it?

<p>It heats up</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes blowback voltage in circuits?

<p>Surge of voltage from collapsing magnetic field (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electrolytic capacitors do not have a polarity and can be connected in any orientation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a capacitor?

<p>To store an electrical charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Capacitance is measured in __________.

<p>Farads</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which material can act as a dielectric in a capacitor?

<p>Mica (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following capacitor types with their characteristics:

<p>Electrolytic = Has polarity and can store more charge Non-electrolytic = No polarity issue and leaks charge slower</p> Signup and view all the answers

Capacitors can only store small amounts of charge.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a capacitor charges up, __________ builds up on one plate and __________ on the other plate.

<p>negative charge, positive charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total resistance in a series circuit?

<p>Sum of individual resistances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a parallel circuit, the total current is equal to the sum of individual branch currents.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the voltage divider formula determine?

<p>The voltage drop between two resistors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

AC voltages alternate in a _______ manner with time.

<p>sinusoidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of an inductor?

<p>Stores energy in a magnetic field (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A transformer can only step up voltage.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The turning of AC voltage into higher or lower output voltage is done by a _______.

<p>transformer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the resistance value for a resistor with bands colored Yellow, Purple, and Red?

<p>4700 ohms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A potentiometer can vary its resistance based on the position of the wiper.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating Resistance using Voltage and Current?

<p>R = V/I</p> Signup and view all the answers

A circuit that has a break in it is called an ______.

<p>open circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the resistor band colors with their respective values:

<p>Red = 2 Brown = 1 Green = 5 Yellow = 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which band color indicates a tolerance of ±5%?

<p>Gold (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The resistance of a circuit does not affect the current flow.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an electric circuit, the sum of the current entering a junction equals the sum of the current ______.

<p>exiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Voltage?

The difference in charge between two points, measured in Volts.

What is Current?

The flow of electrons through a conductor or semiconductor, measured in Amperes or Amps.

What are Conductors?

Materials that conduct current easily, like metals.

What are Semiconductors?

Materials that conduct current partially, like silicon.

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What are Insulators?

Materials that resist the flow of current, like rubber.

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What is Ground?

The minimum voltage reference level.

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What is a Resistor?

A component that restricts current flow, measured in Ohms.

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What is Power?

The amount of work a circuit can do, measured in Watts.

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Resistor Color Bands - First 3 Bands

The first two bands represent the first two digits of the resistance value, and the third band represents the multiplier (how many zeros to add).

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Resistor Color Bands - Tolerance Band

The last band on a resistor indicates the tolerance, or the permitted deviation from the nominal resistance value.

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What is a Potentiometer?

A type of variable resistor where a movable contact (wiper) slides along a resistive track, allowing for a variable resistance between the wiper and either end of the track.

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What is an Open Circuit?

A circuit with a break in its path, preventing current from flowing.

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What is a Short Circuit?

A circuit with a very low resistance path, allowing excessive current to flow, leading to a potential overload and damage.

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Kirchoff's Current Law

A fundamental law in electronics stating that the total current entering a junction in a circuit is equal to the total current leaving the junction.

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What is a Closed Circuit?

A working circuit must have a closed loop for current to flow continuously through a load.

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Series Circuit

All components are connected end to end, creating a single path for electrons to flow. All components share the same current. The total resistance is the sum of individual resistances. The total voltage is the sum of individual voltage drops.

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Parallel Circuit

All components are connected in parallel, sharing the same voltage. The total resistance is less than the sum of individual resistances. The total current is the sum of individual branch currents.

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Switch

A mechanical device that interrupts current flow. It is characterized by the number of poles and throws.

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Voltage Divider

With two resistors in series, the voltage drop across each resistor adds up to the total voltage drop across both. The voltage between the two resistors is calculated using the voltage divider formula: Vout = Vin * (R2 / (R1 + R2))

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Alternating Current (AC)

AC voltage alternates sinusoidally with time. AC voltages are specified with a value equal to the DC voltage that can do the same amount of work. This value is called the RMS voltage. Household line voltages are specified at 240 Vac, meaning the peak voltage is roughly 363V.

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Transformer

A device that converts AC input voltage into a higher or lower output voltage. It consists of two coils (primary and secondary) sharing a common iron core. The ratio of turns between the primary and secondary coils determines the step up/step down value. Power (V*I) is the same in both coils.

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Relay

A switch operated by an electromagnet, controlled by an electrically isolated signal from the switched current. It is slow, noisy, and can pass AC or DC current. It generates a voltage spike when the field in the coil collapses.

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Inductive Load

Loads that use magnetic fields, such as motors, solenoids, and relays. If it moves, it's probably an inductive load.

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How does a capacitor charge?

When one plate of a capacitor loses electrons, the other gains them, resulting in an imbalance of charges and a potential difference between the plates.

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How does a charging capacitor affect current flow?

As a capacitor charges, it opposes the flow of current in the circuit, acting like a second battery working against the original one.

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When is a capacitor fully charged?

A capacitor is fully charged when no current flows through the circuit. In this state, it acts like an open switch, blocking the passage of direct current.

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What happens when a capacitor is shorted?

Shorting a charged capacitor leads to a rapid discharge of stored charge. The discharge rate depends on the resistance in the circuit.

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Why does alternating current (AC) flow through a capacitor?

Alternating current (AC) can flow through a capacitor because it continually charges and discharges the capacitor, resulting in a continuous flow of current.

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What is blowback voltage?

A sudden surge of voltage caused by the collapsing magnetic field within an inductor. It can damage components in a circuit.

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How do diodes protect circuits from blowback voltage?

Diodes are used to protect circuits from blowback voltage. They allow current to flow in one direction, preventing the reverse flow that causes blowback.

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What is a capacitor?

A component that stores electrical energy. It acts like a small battery, holding a charge for later use.

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What is capacitance?

A measure of how much electrical charge a capacitor can store. Higher capacitance means more energy can be stored.

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What is a dielectric material?

A non-conductive material used in capacitors to increase capacitance. It allows more charge to be stored on the plates.

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What are electrolytic capacitors?

Capacitors made with special dielectric materials, often liquids or pastes. They have higher capacitance but require correct polarity.

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What are non-electrolytic capacitors?

Capacitors with solid dielectric materials. They have lower capacitance than electrolytic capacitors but are more stable and don't have a polarity issue.

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Study Notes

Basic Electronic Parameters and Components

  • Voltage: Difference in charge between two points, measured in Volts.
  • Current: Flow of electrons, measured in Amperes (Amps). Flow is from positive to negative. Materials vary in how well they conduct current (conductors, semiconductors, insulators).
  • Power: Determines the work a circuit can do, measured in Watts (Watts = Volts * Amps).
  • Ground: Minimum voltage reference level. A true ground connects to the earth (though circuits might not be directly connected to earth, especially battery-powered).

Ground

  • Floating Ground: A circuit's voltage reference level that's not directly connected to the earth.

Resistance

  • Resistors: Components that control current flow and voltage drop across components. Measured in Ohms.
  • Purpose: Limit current flow, preventing damage to components like LEDs.
  • Heat Generation: Resistors generate heat when current flows through them. The amount of heat depends on the amount of current and the resistor's power rating.
  • Tolerance: Resistors' values aren't perfectly precise; a tolerance (expressed as a percentage) indicates the acceptable deviation from the listed value.

Resistor Color Code

  • System: A method to visually represent a resistor's value in circuit diagrams.
  • Bands: Colors represent numbers (0-9), the first bands show the first two digits, the third is the multiplier, and the last is the tolerance.
  • Example: A resistor with red, red, red bands has a resistance of 2200 ohms or 2.2 kilo Ohms (with a tolerance).

Potentiometers

  • Variable Resistor: A device where the resistance between two terminals varies by rotating a knob, creating a sliding contact.
  • Linear vs. Logarithmic: Linear pots adjust resistance linearly with knob rotation; logarithmic pots vary exponentially with rotation.

Ohm's Law

  • Relationship: Relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R).
  • V = I * R: Voltage equals current times resistance.
  • I = V / R: Current equals voltage divided by resistance.
  • R = V / I: Resistance equals voltage divided by current.

Circuits

  • Closed Loop: A working circuit requires a continuous loop for current flow.
  • Kirchhoff's Current Law: The sum of the currents entering a junction equals the sum of the currents leaving it.
  • Open Circuit: A break in a circuit.
  • Short Circuit: A circuit with inadequate resistance for its load, allowing excessive current flow.
  • Series circuit: Components connected end-to-end, share the same current. Total resistance is the sum of individual resistances. Total voltage is equal to the sum of individual voltage drops.
  • Parallel circuit: Components connected together with separate branches to share the same voltage. Total resistance is less than the sum of individual resistances, and total current is the sum of individual branch currents.

Switches

  • Mechanical Device: Interrupts current flow.
  • Characterized by: Number of poles and number of throws.

Voltage Divider

  • Formula: In series circuits, calculating output voltage depending on input voltage and the two resistors
  • Vout=Vin*(R2/R1+R2)

Alternating Current (AC)

  • Alternating: Voltage and current values change sinusoidally with time.
  • RMS Value: Value specified for AC voltages corresponds to DC voltages delivering the same amount of work. Root mean square (RMS) is the 1/√2 (0.707) of peak voltage.

Inductors

  • Components: Coiled wires that create magnetic fields when current flows. Used as filters for AC circuits.

Transformers

  • Components: Four-terminal devices that change input voltage to output voltage
    • Primary Coil: Input side of the transformer
    • Secondary Coil: Output side of the transformer
  • Ratio of turns: Determines the step-up or step-down voltage conversion.

Relays

  • Components: Electrical switches operated by electromagnets. These are controlled by isolated signals and can manage AC or DC current.

Capacitors

  • Components: Store energy in an electric field and block direct current(DC).
  • Capacitance: Measures the energy storage capacity, related to the size and construction.
  • Dielectric Material: Non-conducting material between the two capacitor plates.
  • Types: Electrolytic and Non-electrolytic

Capacitor Charging and Discharging

  • Charging behavior: Initial rapid charging, followed by a slower rate until reaching full charge, opposing the current flow.
  • Discharging behavior: Rapid discharging at first and then progressively slower discharge depending on the circuit's resistance.
  • Direct Current: Cannot flow continuously through capacitor, charge accumulates on capacitor plates.
  • Alternating Current: Capacitors continuously charge and discharge, allowing current flow.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of electronics with this quiz. Explore concepts about capacitors, resistors, current flow, and voltage measurement. This quiz covers essential terms and their definitions to solidify your understanding of electronic components.

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