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Questions and Answers
What happens to the current when a capacitor starts to fill with charge?
What happens to the current when a capacitor starts to fill with charge?
A capacitor allows continuous current to flow through it.
A capacitor allows continuous current to flow through it.
True
What type of current can flow through a capacitor?
What type of current can flow through a capacitor?
Alternating current (A.C.)
When a capacitor is fully charged, it acts like an open type of ______.
When a capacitor is fully charged, it acts like an open type of ______.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What is the unit of measurement for voltage?
What is the unit of measurement for voltage?
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Current flows from negative to positive in a circuit.
Current flows from negative to positive in a circuit.
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What do resistors primarily control in a circuit?
What do resistors primarily control in a circuit?
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Power is measured in __________.
Power is measured in __________.
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Match the following components with their functions:
Match the following components with their functions:
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What is meant by a floating ground?
What is meant by a floating ground?
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A ±10% resistor with a value of 100 ohms can have a resistance between 90 and 110 ohms.
A ±10% resistor with a value of 100 ohms can have a resistance between 90 and 110 ohms.
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What happens to a resistor when high current flows through it?
What happens to a resistor when high current flows through it?
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What causes blowback voltage in circuits?
What causes blowback voltage in circuits?
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Electrolytic capacitors do not have a polarity and can be connected in any orientation.
Electrolytic capacitors do not have a polarity and can be connected in any orientation.
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What is the primary function of a capacitor?
What is the primary function of a capacitor?
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Capacitance is measured in __________.
Capacitance is measured in __________.
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Which material can act as a dielectric in a capacitor?
Which material can act as a dielectric in a capacitor?
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Match the following capacitor types with their characteristics:
Match the following capacitor types with their characteristics:
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Capacitors can only store small amounts of charge.
Capacitors can only store small amounts of charge.
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When a capacitor charges up, __________ builds up on one plate and __________ on the other plate.
When a capacitor charges up, __________ builds up on one plate and __________ on the other plate.
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What is the total resistance in a series circuit?
What is the total resistance in a series circuit?
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In a parallel circuit, the total current is equal to the sum of individual branch currents.
In a parallel circuit, the total current is equal to the sum of individual branch currents.
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What does the voltage divider formula determine?
What does the voltage divider formula determine?
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AC voltages alternate in a _______ manner with time.
AC voltages alternate in a _______ manner with time.
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What is a characteristic of an inductor?
What is a characteristic of an inductor?
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A transformer can only step up voltage.
A transformer can only step up voltage.
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The turning of AC voltage into higher or lower output voltage is done by a _______.
The turning of AC voltage into higher or lower output voltage is done by a _______.
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What is the resistance value for a resistor with bands colored Yellow, Purple, and Red?
What is the resistance value for a resistor with bands colored Yellow, Purple, and Red?
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A potentiometer can vary its resistance based on the position of the wiper.
A potentiometer can vary its resistance based on the position of the wiper.
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What is the formula for calculating Resistance using Voltage and Current?
What is the formula for calculating Resistance using Voltage and Current?
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A circuit that has a break in it is called an ______.
A circuit that has a break in it is called an ______.
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Match the resistor band colors with their respective values:
Match the resistor band colors with their respective values:
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Which band color indicates a tolerance of ±5%?
Which band color indicates a tolerance of ±5%?
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The resistance of a circuit does not affect the current flow.
The resistance of a circuit does not affect the current flow.
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In an electric circuit, the sum of the current entering a junction equals the sum of the current ______.
In an electric circuit, the sum of the current entering a junction equals the sum of the current ______.
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Study Notes
Basic Electronic Parameters and Components
- Voltage: Difference in charge between two points, measured in Volts.
- Current: Flow of electrons, measured in Amperes (Amps). Flow is from positive to negative. Materials vary in how well they conduct current (conductors, semiconductors, insulators).
- Power: Determines the work a circuit can do, measured in Watts (Watts = Volts * Amps).
- Ground: Minimum voltage reference level. A true ground connects to the earth (though circuits might not be directly connected to earth, especially battery-powered).
Ground
- Floating Ground: A circuit's voltage reference level that's not directly connected to the earth.
Resistance
- Resistors: Components that control current flow and voltage drop across components. Measured in Ohms.
- Purpose: Limit current flow, preventing damage to components like LEDs.
- Heat Generation: Resistors generate heat when current flows through them. The amount of heat depends on the amount of current and the resistor's power rating.
- Tolerance: Resistors' values aren't perfectly precise; a tolerance (expressed as a percentage) indicates the acceptable deviation from the listed value.
Resistor Color Code
- System: A method to visually represent a resistor's value in circuit diagrams.
- Bands: Colors represent numbers (0-9), the first bands show the first two digits, the third is the multiplier, and the last is the tolerance.
- Example: A resistor with red, red, red bands has a resistance of 2200 ohms or 2.2 kilo Ohms (with a tolerance).
Potentiometers
- Variable Resistor: A device where the resistance between two terminals varies by rotating a knob, creating a sliding contact.
- Linear vs. Logarithmic: Linear pots adjust resistance linearly with knob rotation; logarithmic pots vary exponentially with rotation.
Ohm's Law
- Relationship: Relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R).
- V = I * R: Voltage equals current times resistance.
- I = V / R: Current equals voltage divided by resistance.
- R = V / I: Resistance equals voltage divided by current.
Circuits
- Closed Loop: A working circuit requires a continuous loop for current flow.
- Kirchhoff's Current Law: The sum of the currents entering a junction equals the sum of the currents leaving it.
- Open Circuit: A break in a circuit.
- Short Circuit: A circuit with inadequate resistance for its load, allowing excessive current flow.
- Series circuit: Components connected end-to-end, share the same current. Total resistance is the sum of individual resistances. Total voltage is equal to the sum of individual voltage drops.
- Parallel circuit: Components connected together with separate branches to share the same voltage. Total resistance is less than the sum of individual resistances, and total current is the sum of individual branch currents.
Switches
- Mechanical Device: Interrupts current flow.
- Characterized by: Number of poles and number of throws.
Voltage Divider
- Formula: In series circuits, calculating output voltage depending on input voltage and the two resistors
- Vout=Vin*(R2/R1+R2)
Alternating Current (AC)
- Alternating: Voltage and current values change sinusoidally with time.
- RMS Value: Value specified for AC voltages corresponds to DC voltages delivering the same amount of work. Root mean square (RMS) is the 1/√2 (0.707) of peak voltage.
Inductors
- Components: Coiled wires that create magnetic fields when current flows. Used as filters for AC circuits.
Transformers
-
Components: Four-terminal devices that change input voltage to output voltage
- Primary Coil: Input side of the transformer
- Secondary Coil: Output side of the transformer
- Ratio of turns: Determines the step-up or step-down voltage conversion.
Relays
- Components: Electrical switches operated by electromagnets. These are controlled by isolated signals and can manage AC or DC current.
Capacitors
- Components: Store energy in an electric field and block direct current(DC).
- Capacitance: Measures the energy storage capacity, related to the size and construction.
- Dielectric Material: Non-conducting material between the two capacitor plates.
- Types: Electrolytic and Non-electrolytic
Capacitor Charging and Discharging
- Charging behavior: Initial rapid charging, followed by a slower rate until reaching full charge, opposing the current flow.
- Discharging behavior: Rapid discharging at first and then progressively slower discharge depending on the circuit's resistance.
- Direct Current: Cannot flow continuously through capacitor, charge accumulates on capacitor plates.
- Alternating Current: Capacitors continuously charge and discharge, allowing current flow.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of electronics with this quiz. Explore concepts about capacitors, resistors, current flow, and voltage measurement. This quiz covers essential terms and their definitions to solidify your understanding of electronic components.
