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Questions and Answers
Why is bromine classified as a p-block element?
Why is bromine classified as a p-block element?
The outermost electrons are in the p-subshells.
What is the electron configuration of Cr and the Cr3+ ion?
What is the electron configuration of Cr and the Cr3+ ion?
Cr: 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s1, 3d5; Cr3+: 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d3.
What is an orbital? Describe it.
What is an orbital? Describe it.
An orbital is a region that can hold up to two electrons, with opposite spins.
Describe the shapes of s and p orbitals.
Describe the shapes of s and p orbitals.
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State the number of orbitals making up s-, p-, and d-subshells.
State the number of orbitals making up s-, p-, and d-subshells.
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State the number of electrons that occupy s-, p-, and d-subshells.
State the number of electrons that occupy s-, p-, and d-subshells.
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State Aufbau's Principle.
State Aufbau's Principle.
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State Hund's Rule.
State Hund's Rule.
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Describe the relative energies of s-, p-, and d-orbitals for shells 1, 2, 3 and the 4s and 4p orbitals.
Describe the relative energies of s-, p-, and d-orbitals for shells 1, 2, 3 and the 4s and 4p orbitals.
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Classify the elements into s, p, and d blocks.
Classify the elements into s, p, and d blocks.
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Study Notes
Electron Structure and Orbital Concepts
- Bromine is a p-block element because its outermost electrons are located in p-subshells.
- The electron configuration of Chromium (Cr) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 3d⁵, while that of its Cr³⁺ ion is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d³.
Orbitals and Their Shapes
- An orbital can accommodate a maximum of two electrons that have opposite spins.
- s orbitals have a spherical shape, holding a total of two electrons; p orbitals have a dumbbell shape, with each orbital capable of holding two electrons.
Subshells and Electron Capacity
- The s subshell contains one orbital (2 electrons), the p subshell has three orbitals (6 electrons), and the d subshell consists of five orbitals (10 electrons).
- An f subshell has seven orbitals and can hold up to 14 electrons.
Principles of Electron Configuration
- Aufbau's Principle states that electrons occupy orbitals in order of increasing energy levels.
- According to Hund's Rule, electrons will fill orbitals of the same energy singly before pairing in order to minimize repulsion.
Relative Energy of Orbitals
- The 1s subshell has the lowest energy level, followed by the 2s and 2p subshells.
- Within the third shell, the 3s subshell is filled first, followed by 3p.
- The 4s subshell is filled before the 3d subshell, subsequent filling order is 4p, then 4d, and finally 4f.
Classification of Elements
- The s-block elements include the first two groups of the periodic table, along with hydrogen and helium.
- The p block comprises groups 3 to 0, excluding helium.
- The d block consists of transition metals.
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Description
Test your knowledge of electron structure with these flashcards. Covering various concepts such as p-block elements, electron configurations, and orbitals, this quiz is perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of chemistry. Perfect for exam preparation and revision.
