Chemistry Chapter 7 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are valence electrons?

An electron in the highest occupied energy level of an atom.

For the representative elements, how do you easily determine the number of valence electrons?

By looking at the last number of their group number.

What is an electron dot structure?

The number of valence electrons represented as dots put around the chemical symbol of an element.

What is the electron dot structure for Barium (Ba)?

Ba (2 dots) Signup and view all the answers

Write the electron dot structure for Tellurium (Te).

Te (6 dots) Signup and view all the answers

What is an octet?

A group of 8. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Octet Rule?

Atoms gain, lose, or share electrons to have 8 valence electrons like their nearest noble gas. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an atom when a cation is formed?

It lost 1 or more electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an atom when an anion is formed?

It gained 1 or more electrons. Signup and view all the answers

Write Potassium (K) electron configuration.

[Ar] 4s1 Signup and view all the answers

How many valence electrons does Potassium (K) have?

1 Signup and view all the answers

Write Potassium (K) ion electron configuration.

[Ne] 3s2 3p6 Signup and view all the answers

Write the electron configuration for Phosphorus (P).

[Ne] 3s2 3p3 Signup and view all the answers

How many valence electrons does Phosphorus (P) have?

5 Signup and view all the answers

Write the ion electron configuration for Phosphorus (P).

[Ne] 3s2 3p3 Signup and view all the answers

Write the electron configuration for Fluorine (F).

[He] 2s2 2p5 Signup and view all the answers

How many valence electrons does Fluorine (F) have?

7 Signup and view all the answers

Write the ion electron configuration for Fluorine (F).

[He] 2s2 2p6 Signup and view all the answers

Write the electron configuration for Magnesium (Mg).

[Ne] 3s2 Signup and view all the answers

How many valence electrons does Magnesium (Mg) have?

2 Signup and view all the answers

Write the ion electron configuration for Magnesium (Mg).

[He] 2s2 2p6 Signup and view all the answers

What is a halide?

A Halogen ion. Signup and view all the answers

What is the ion charge of all halides?

1- Signup and view all the answers

Write the ion formula of a Sodium ion.

Na + Signup and view all the answers

Write the ion formula of Iodide.

I - Signup and view all the answers

Write the ion formula of Oxide.

O 2- Signup and view all the answers

Write the ion formula of a Magnesium ion.

Mg 2+ Signup and view all the answers

What is an ionic bond?

Oppositely charged ions attract and bond after electrons are transferred and ions form. Signup and view all the answers

What is an ionic compound?

A compound composed of cations and anions. Signup and view all the answers

The overall charge of an ionic compound is neutral.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical formula?

It shows the number of atoms of each element in the smallest representative unit of a substance. Signup and view all the answers

What is a formula unit?

The smallest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound. Signup and view all the answers

List 3 properties of ionic compounds.

Solid at room temperature, Hard, brittle, crystal structure, When dissolved will conduct electricity. Signup and view all the answers

What are metallic bonds?

The forces of attraction between the free-floating valence electrons and the positively charged metal ions. Signup and view all the answers

How do metallic bonds help metals conduct electricity?

The metal cations easily slide past one another when subjected to pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is an alloy?

Mixture of two or more elements, at least one is a metal. Signup and view all the answers

Why have alloys?

Because their properties are often more superior to those of their component elements. Signup and view all the answers

What alloy did you make when you turned the penny gold-colored?

Brass Signup and view all the answers

What elements did you mix when you turned the penny gold-colored?

Copper and Zinc Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are the highest occupied energy level electrons in an atom.
For representative elements, the number of valence electrons can be determined by the last digit of their group number.

Electron Dot Structure

An electron dot structure represents the number of valence electrons as dots around an element's chemical symbol.
Example: Barium (Ba) has 2 dots; Tellurium (Te) has 6 dots.

Octet Rule

An octet consists of 8 electrons.
The Octet Rule states that atoms strive to achieve 8 valence electrons, similar to the nearest noble gas, by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons.

Ionic Charge Formation

Cations are formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.
Anions are formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.

Electron Configuration

Potassium (K) electron configuration: [Ar] 4s1, has 1 valence electron.
Potassium ion configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p6.
Phosphorus (P) electron configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p3, has 5 valence electrons.
Fluorine (F) electron configuration: [He] 2s2 2p5, has 7 valence electrons.
Magnesium (Mg) electron configuration: [Ne] 3s2, has 2 valence electrons.

Ion Formulas

Sodium ion: Na +
Iodide: I -
Oxide: O 2-
Magnesium ion: Mg 2+

Ionic Bonds and Compounds

An ionic bond is formed when oppositely charged ions attract and bond as electrons are transferred.
Ionic compounds consist of cations and anions and are electrically neutral overall.
A chemical formula indicates the number of atoms of each element in the smallest representative unit of a substance.
A formula unit is the smallest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound.

Properties of Ionic Compounds

Ionic compounds are solid at room temperature, have a hard and brittle crystal structure, and can conduct electricity when dissolved.

Metallic Bonds and Alloys

Metallic bonds involve attractions between free-floating valence electrons and positively charged metal ions.
Metalllic bonds facilitate electricity conduction as metal cations can slide past one another under pressure.
An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements, where at least one component is a metal, resulting in superior properties compared to the individual elements.
Brass, made from copper and zinc, is an example of an alloy produced by turning a penny gold-colored.

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Test your knowledge of Chapter 7 in chemistry with these flashcards focused on valence electrons and electron dot structures. This quiz provides essential definitions and concepts that will help reinforce your understanding of chemical bonding and atomic structure.