Electron Spin and the Pauli Exclusion Principle Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the valence-shell configuration for gallium (Z = 31)?

[Ar]3d104s24p6

[Ar]4s24p1 (correct)

[Kr]5s24d105p3

[Ne]3s23p1

What are the configurations for the outer electrons of tellurium (Z = 52)?

[Kr]5s24d105p4 (correct)

[Ne]3s23p6

[Xe]4f145d106s26p2

[Ar]4s23d8

According to the Hund's Rule, what is the lowest energy arrangement of electrons in a subshell?

Putting electrons into separate orbitals of the subshell with the same spin before pairing electrons (correct)

Pairing electrons with opposite spins before putting them into separate orbitals

Pairing electrons with the same spin before putting them into separate orbitals

Putting electrons into separate orbitals of the subshell with opposite spins before pairing electrons

Based on the information provided, arrange the following elements in order of increasing atomic radius: Al, C, Si.

C < Si < Al Signup and view all the answers

What is the first ionization energy for Li in eV?

5.39 eV Signup and view all the answers

"High values of first ionization energy are associated with which group of elements?"

Noble gases Signup and view all the answers

"Ionization energies tend to decrease going down any column." According to this statement, what can be expected for ionization energies going down a group?

Decrease Signup and view all the answers

"The atomic radius tends to decrease with increasing atomic number within each period." According to this statement, what can be expected for atomic radius within a period?

Decrease Signup and view all the answers

"From its position in the periodic table, would you classify X as a main-group element, a transition element, or an inner transition element?" Based on the given electron configuration [Xe]4f14 5d106s26p2, how would you classify X?

Inner transition element Signup and view all the answers

According to the Pauli exclusion principle, which of the following statements is true?

No two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers. Signup and view all the answers

What does the electron configuration 1s22s22p1 represent?

Boron Signup and view all the answers

In an orbital diagram, what does an upward-pointing arrow indicate?

An electron with spin quantum number ms = +1/2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Stern–Gerlach experiment in relation to electron spin?

It demonstrated the behavior of electrons in a magnetic field. Signup and view all the answers

Which subshell consists of a group of orbitals having the same n and l quantum numbers but different ml values?

P subshell Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence for filling subshells according to the building-up principle (Aufbau Principle)?

$1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f$ Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Valence-Shell Configurations

Gallium (Z = 31) has the valence-shell configuration of 4s² 4p¹.
Tellurium (Z = 52) has outer electron configurations of 5s² 5p⁴.

Hund's Rule

According to Hund's Rule, the lowest energy arrangement of electrons in a subshell is characterized by maximizing the number of unpaired electrons in degenerate orbitals.

Atomic Radius Trends

The order of increasing atomic radius is C < Si < Al.
Carbon is the smallest, followed by silicon, then aluminum which is the largest among them.

First Ionization Energy for Lithium

The first ionization energy for lithium (Li) is approximately 5.39 eV.

High First Ionization Energy Elements

High values of first ionization energy are typically associated with noble gases and nonmetals.

Ionization Energies and Group Trends

Ionization energies generally decrease as one moves down a group in the periodic table due to increasing atomic size and shielding effect.

Atomic Radius and Period Trends

The atomic radius tends to decrease with increasing atomic number within each period as effective nuclear charge increases, pulling electrons closer to the nucleus.

Classification of Element X

Based on the electron configuration [Xe]4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p², element X is classified as a main-group element.

Pauli Exclusion Principle

The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have identical sets of quantum numbers.

Electron Configuration Representation

The electron configuration 1s² 2s² 2p¹ represents the element Boron (B).

Orbital Diagrams

An upward-pointing arrow in an orbital diagram indicates an unpaired electron.

Stern-Gerlach Experiment Significance

The Stern–Gerlach experiment demonstrated the existence of electron spin and the quantization of angular momentum in quantum mechanics.

Subshell Characteristics

A subshell consists of a group of orbitals sharing the same n and l quantum numbers but differing in their ml values.

Aufbau Principle (Building-Up Principle)

The sequence for filling subshells follows the order of increasing energy levels: generally fills according to [n + l] rule, with lower n + l values filled first.

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Description

Test your knowledge about electron spin, the Pauli exclusion principle, and electron configurations with this quiz. The quiz covers concepts such as the Stern–Gerlach experiment and orbital diagrams.