Electron Spin and Orbital Occupancy Quiz

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Why can only two electrons occupy an orbital?

To avoid electron repulsion

To satisfy Hund's rule

To follow the Pauli exclusion principle (correct)

To increase chemical stability

What did Kekulé and Couper observe about carbon in terms of bonding?

Carbon always has four bonds (correct)

Carbon never participates in bonding

Carbon always forms single bonds

Carbon has a variable number of bonds

Why do atoms form chemical bonds according to the text?

To form more stable compounds (correct)

To increase atomic size

To enhance reactivity

To reduce stability

What is the significance of the tetrahedral arrangement of atoms around carbon?

It defines specific spatial directions for carbon bonds Signup and view all the answers

How are ionic bonds in salts formed?

As a result of electron transfers Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of s orbitals?

Spherical Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond has a circular cross-section?

Sigma (σ) bonds Signup and view all the answers

How many sp2 hybrid orbitals does carbon use in double bonds?

Three Signup and view all the answers

What geometry does carbon have in single bonds with tetrahedral geometry?

Tetrahedral Signup and view all the answers

How many unhybridized p orbitals does carbon use in a triple bond with linear geometry?

Two Signup and view all the answers

What does the bond length represent?

Maximum stability between nuclei Signup and view all the answers

Why do nuclei repel when they are too close in distance?

Due to both nuclei being positively charged Signup and view all the answers

What type of hybrid orbitals form the four identical C-H bonds in methane (CH4)?

sp2 orbitals Signup and view all the answers

How many valence electrons does carbon have in its 2s2 2p2 configuration?

4 valence electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the bond angle of each H-C-H bond in methane (CH4)?

109.5° Signup and view all the answers

How many valence electrons does carbon have?

Four Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule forms two bonds despite having six valence electrons?

H2O Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for valence electrons that are not used in bonding?

Lone-pair electrons Signup and view all the answers

How many bonds can nitrogen typically form despite having five valence electrons?

Three Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond forms when a singly occupied orbital on one atom overlaps with a singly occupied orbital on another atom?

Sigma (σ) bond Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction 2H+→ H2, how much energy is released?

436 kJ/mol Signup and view all the answers

What is the hybridization of carbon in ethane?

sp3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the bond angle between the hydrogen atoms in ethylene?

120° Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond forms the C=C bond in ethylene?

Pi (π) bond Signup and view all the answers

How many sigma bonds does a carbon-carbon triple bond in acetylene have?

3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the bond angle between the two hybrid orbitals in acetylene?

180° Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between ethylene and acetylene in terms of hybridization?

Ethylene has sp3 hybridization while acetylene has sp2 hybridization. Signup and view all the answers