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Questions and Answers
How many electrons can the fourth energy level hold?
How many electrons can the fourth energy level hold?
What is the maximum number of valence electrons an atom can have?
What is the maximum number of valence electrons an atom can have?
Which group on the periodic table primarily contains noble gases?
Which group on the periodic table primarily contains noble gases?
Which of the following statements about valence electrons is true?
Which of the following statements about valence electrons is true?
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What occurs with atoms that have 4 or fewer valence electrons?
What occurs with atoms that have 4 or fewer valence electrons?
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Why are noble gases considered inert?
Why are noble gases considered inert?
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For which group of elements does the column number method for predicting valence electrons not work effectively?
For which group of elements does the column number method for predicting valence electrons not work effectively?
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What accurately describes an electron shell?
What accurately describes an electron shell?
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What is the primary basis for the transition from the Bohr model to the electron cloud concept?
What is the primary basis for the transition from the Bohr model to the electron cloud concept?
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Which of the following statements about sub-shells is true?
Which of the following statements about sub-shells is true?
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How many energy levels are there in which electrons can be found?
How many energy levels are there in which electrons can be found?
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What happens to an electron when it absorbs energy?
What happens to an electron when it absorbs energy?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the electron cloud model?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the electron cloud model?
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What is represented by the letter 'f' in the context of sub-shells?
What is represented by the letter 'f' in the context of sub-shells?
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Which energy state do electrons primarily exist in?
Which energy state do electrons primarily exist in?
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Study Notes
Electron Shells
- Electron shell is the space around the nucleus where an electron can be found.
- The Bohr model envisioned electrons orbiting the nucleus in defined paths, but this model is not fully accurate for larger atoms.
- Electron clouds represent the probability of finding an electron in a specific region around the nucleus.
- The size of the electron cloud indicates the energy level of the electron.
Subshells
- Subshells within the electron cloud describe the shape in which electrons travel.
- There are four main subshells: s, p, d, and f.
- Each subshell has a specific shape and can hold a specific number of electrons:
- s subshell: 2 electrons
- p subshell: 6 electrons
- d subshell: 10 electrons
- f subshell: 14 electrons
Energy Levels
- There are up to seven energy levels in which electrons can exist around the nucleus.
- Electrons farther from the nucleus have more energy.
- Electrons can absorb energy and transition to higher energy levels (excited state), but eventually release energy to return to their ground state.
- Each energy level can hold a specific number of electrons:
- 1st level: 2 electrons
- 2nd level: 8 electrons
- 3rd level: 18 electrons
- 4th level: 32 electrons
- 5th level: 50 electrons
- 6th level: 72 electrons
- 7th level: 98 electrons
Valence Electrons
- Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom.
- They are responsible for the atom's reactivity and bonding capabilities.
- The column number of an element on the periodic table (excluding transition metals and helium) indicates the number of valence electrons.
Noble Gases
- Noble gases are the most stable and unreactive elements.
- They have a full valence shell (8 electrons, except for helium which has 2).
- Their stability is due to having a complete octet (8) of valence electrons.
Reactivity and Octet Rule
- Atoms that are not noble gases strive to attain a full octet of valence electrons.
- Atoms with 4 or fewer valence electrons tend to lose electrons to become closer to a noble gas configuration.
- Atoms with 5 or more valence electrons tend to gain electrons to achieve a full octet.
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Description
Test your knowledge on electron shells, subshells, and energy levels with this quiz. Learn about the Bohr model, electron cloud shapes, and the specific capacity of different subshells. Assess your understanding of how electrons behave in atomic structures.
