Electron Configuration and Atomic Orbitals
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Electron Configuration and Atomic Orbitals

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Questions and Answers

What determines the chemical properties of an element?

  • Electron configuration (correct)
  • Ionization energy
  • Atomic mass
  • Atomic orbitals
  • What is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its ground state?

  • Electron configuration
  • Ionization energy (correct)
  • Electronegativity
  • Electron affinity
  • What is the shape of the s orbital?

  • Complex
  • Spherical (correct)
  • Dumbbell
  • Four-leaf clover
  • What happens to ionization energy across a period from left to right?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hybrid orbitals?

    <p>To describe molecular bonding and shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the capacity of p orbitals?

    <p>Up to 6 electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Electron Configuration

    • The arrangement of electrons in an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element
    • Described by the Aufbau principle, Pauli's Exclusion Principle, and Hund's Rule
    • Electron configuration is written in a shorthand notation, such as 1s2 2s2 2p6 for Ne (Neon)
    • Energy levels (shells) are divided into subshells (s, p, d, f) with specific capacities
    • Valence electrons are the outermost electrons involved in chemical bonding

    Ionization Energy

    • The energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its ground state
    • Measured in kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole)
    • Ionization energy increases:
      • Across a period (left to right) due to increasing nuclear charge
      • Down a group (top to bottom) due to increasing atomic size and shielding
    • First ionization energy is the energy required to remove the first electron, subsequent ionization energies are for removing additional electrons

    Atomic Orbitals

    • A mathematical description of the distribution of electrons within an atom
    • Orbital shapes: s (spherical), p (dumbbell), d (four-leaf clover), f (complex)
    • Orbital types:
      • s orbitals: spherical, symmetrical, and can hold up to 2 electrons
      • p orbitals: dumbbell-shaped, oriented along x, y, and z axes, and can hold up to 6 electrons
      • d and f orbitals: more complex shapes, and can hold up to 10 and 14 electrons, respectively
    • Orbitals are combined to form hybrid orbitals, which are used to describe molecular bonding and shape

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    Description

    Test your understanding of electron configuration, atomic orbitals, and ionization energy. Learn how to describe the arrangement of electrons in an atom and how it affects chemical properties.

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