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Questions and Answers
What is the significance of the quantization of charge at the macroscopic level?
What is the significance of the quantization of charge at the macroscopic level?
- It affects the flow of current in electrical circuits.
- It results in inconsistencies in measurements.
- It leads to practical applications in daily life.
- It can be ignored as it has no practical consequence. (correct)
How long would it take to accumulate a total charge of 1 C if 10^9 electrons move out every second?
How long would it take to accumulate a total charge of 1 C if 10^9 electrons move out every second?
- 500 years
- 198 years (correct)
- 30 years
- 100 years
How many electrons are contained in one cubic centimeter of copper?
How many electrons are contained in one cubic centimeter of copper?
- 1.5 × 10^24
- 2.5 × 10^24 (correct)
- 4.5 × 10^24
- 3.5 × 10^24
In the context of a cup of water, how are the total positive and negative charges related?
In the context of a cup of water, how are the total positive and negative charges related?
What is the mass of one mole of water, which contains a specific number of molecules?
What is the mass of one mole of water, which contains a specific number of molecules?
What can be concluded about the unit of charge, one coulomb, based on the examples provided?
What can be concluded about the unit of charge, one coulomb, based on the examples provided?
What calculation is used to determine the number of molecules in a cup of water?
What calculation is used to determine the number of molecules in a cup of water?
Why can charge be said to take continuous values at a macroscopic level?
Why can charge be said to take continuous values at a macroscopic level?
What is the expression for the force F1 on a charge Q due to charge q at point A?
What is the expression for the force F1 on a charge Q due to charge q at point A?
How is the resultant force from F2 and F3 determined?
How is the resultant force from F2 and F3 determined?
What distance is AO from A if the perpendicular height AD of the triangle is given as (3/2)l?
What distance is AO from A if the perpendicular height AD of the triangle is given as (3/2)l?
Considering symmetry in the equilateral triangle, what can be said about the distances AO, BO, and CO?
Considering symmetry in the equilateral triangle, what can be said about the distances AO, BO, and CO?
Which principle underlies the calculations of forces on charge Q in an electrostatic arrangement?
Which principle underlies the calculations of forces on charge Q in an electrostatic arrangement?
The forces F2 and F3 acted along which lines in relation to point O?
The forces F2 and F3 acted along which lines in relation to point O?
If the charges q1, q2, and q3 are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle, what can be inferred about the forces acting on charge Q?
If the charges q1, q2, and q3 are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle, what can be inferred about the forces acting on charge Q?
What is the role of the perpendicular AD drawn to side BC in evaluating the force on charge Q?
What is the role of the perpendicular AD drawn to side BC in evaluating the force on charge Q?
What is the role of the source charge Q in the context of an electric field?
What is the role of the source charge Q in the context of an electric field?
How is the electric field E defined mathematically in relation to force F and test charge q?
How is the electric field E defined mathematically in relation to force F and test charge q?
Why must the test charge q be negligibly small when defining the electric field?
Why must the test charge q be negligibly small when defining the electric field?
What does the statement 'the electric field E due to Q is independent of q' imply?
What does the statement 'the electric field E due to Q is independent of q' imply?
Which statement correctly describes the behavior of the electric field at different positions in space?
Which statement correctly describes the behavior of the electric field at different positions in space?
What does the term 'test charge' refer to?
What does the term 'test charge' refer to?
Which factor is primarily responsible for holding the source charge Q in place during measurements?
Which factor is primarily responsible for holding the source charge Q in place during measurements?
What is the implication of electrical forces acting on the source charge Q when a test charge q is introduced?
What is the implication of electrical forces acting on the source charge Q when a test charge q is introduced?
What is the formula for calculating the acceleration of an electron in an electric field?
What is the formula for calculating the acceleration of an electron in an electric field?
Given that the mass of a proton is 1.67 × 10–27 kg, what is the corresponding formula for its acceleration in an electric field?
Given that the mass of a proton is 1.67 × 10–27 kg, what is the corresponding formula for its acceleration in an electric field?
What time does the electron take to fall a distance h in an electric field of strength E?
What time does the electron take to fall a distance h in an electric field of strength E?
How does the time of fall for a proton compare to that of an electron when falling through the same distance?
How does the time of fall for a proton compare to that of an electron when falling through the same distance?
What is ignored in the calculation of the time of fall for both the electron and the proton?
What is ignored in the calculation of the time of fall for both the electron and the proton?
If the electric field strength is doubled, how will the time of fall for both the electron and the proton be affected?
If the electric field strength is doubled, how will the time of fall for both the electron and the proton be affected?
Which of the following statements contrasts with free fall under gravity?
Which of the following statements contrasts with free fall under gravity?
What is the value of te calculated for an electron falling through a distance of 1.5 × 10–2 m in a field of strength E = 2.0 × 10^4 N/C?
What is the value of te calculated for an electron falling through a distance of 1.5 × 10–2 m in a field of strength E = 2.0 × 10^4 N/C?
What is the formula for the electric field at a far-away point on the axis of a dipole?
What is the formula for the electric field at a far-away point on the axis of a dipole?
In the given example, what is the resultant electric field at point P due to the two charges?
In the given example, what is the resultant electric field at point P due to the two charges?
What represents the dipole moment in the electric field formula provided?
What represents the dipole moment in the electric field formula provided?
How does the distance ratio OP/OB affect the electric field at point P in the example?
How does the distance ratio OP/OB affect the electric field at point P in the example?
What does the term 60 refer to in the context of the ratio OP/OB?
What does the term 60 refer to in the context of the ratio OP/OB?
What is the effect of increasing distance 'r' on the electric field 'E' according to the provided formula?
What is the effect of increasing distance 'r' on the electric field 'E' according to the provided formula?
Which constant is represented by $\epsilon_0$ in the electric field formula?
Which constant is represented by $\epsilon_0$ in the electric field formula?
When calculating the electric field due to point charges, which value is crucial for determining the force experienced by a charge at point P?
When calculating the electric field due to point charges, which value is crucial for determining the force experienced by a charge at point P?
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Study Notes
Quantization of Charge
- Charge can only increase or decrease in units of
e(the charge of an electron) - At a macroscopic level, the quantization of charge is negligible due to large numbers of charges
- At a microscopic level, the quantization of charge can't be ignored, as charges can be counted
Charge in Practical Units
- A coulomb (C) is a large unit for practical applications
- A cubic centimeter of copper contains approximately 2.5 x 10^24 electrons
- A cup of water (250 g) contains approximately 8.33 x 10^24 molecules
Coulomb’s Law
- Defines the force between two point charges
- The force is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
- Force is attractive for opposite charges and repulsive for like charges
Superposition Principle
- The total force on a charge due to multiple charges is the vector sum of the forces due to each individual charge
Electric Field
- Defined as the force that a unit positive charge would experience if placed at a point in space
- The direction of the electric field is the direction of the force on a positive charge
- The magnitude of the electric field is independent of the test charge and proportional to the source charge
Examples
- An electron falls faster than a proton in a uniform electric field due to its smaller mass
- The time of fall for a charged particle in an electric field does not depend on its mass (in contrast to free fall under gravity)
- The electric field due to a dipole decreases as the cube of the distance from the center of the dipole on its axis
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