Electromagnetic Environment (5.14)

<p>Antenna effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All electrical signals create both electric and magnetic fields. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>External electric and magnetic fields (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>9 kHz to 1.8 GHz (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate safe conduction of lightning currents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control surfaces and antennas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Signals in the 1-MHz range. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may interfere with sensitive electronic equipment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide pathways for lightning currents. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Are designed as intentional RF emitters. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrical induction from external sources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From radio frequency emitters. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Risk of hazardous surges entering the airframe. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>108 to 118 MHz (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AM radios (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.2 to 1.3 GHz (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They emit electromagnetic interference affecting avionics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Special shielding of avionics equipment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess the total risk to electronic systems on board. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>VOR operates at frequencies below 100 MHz. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent penetration of disruptive electromagnetic signals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhancing flight control system performance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source, receptor, and pathway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radio transmitters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eliminating or attenuating at least one of the EMC problem elements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electric circuits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing distance between source and receptor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability of equipment to operate satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electromagnetic interference from on-board systems (B), Interference caused by passenger electronic devices (C), Effects of static electricity generated on the aeroplane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Above 400 MHz (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Communications and navigation devices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EMC issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lightning effects are not considered part of HIRF (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Broader beam widths (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They represent a growing potential EMI threat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surveillance and telemetry signals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are a source of electromagnetic interference (EMI). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can behave like a resonant cavity, amplifying EMI effects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electromagnetic emissions from high-power communication systems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can produce electromagnetic interference affecting critical systems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High-frequency radar from military aircraft. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fiberglass, as it offers no EMI shielding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can concentrate and broadcast interference from EMI sources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High-power television transmitters. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A disturbance to an electrical circuit caused by an external source in the radio frequency spectrum, impacting operation by electromagnetic induction, electrostatic coupling, or conduction.

A general term for any disturbance caused by an external source affecting an electrical circuit, including RFI.

The range of frequencies used by aviation electronic systems, spanning from kilohertz to gigahertz.

A radio beacon used in point-to-point navigation, operating in the 108-118 MHz frequency range.

Systems used in aircraft landings, functioning in the 328-335 MHz range.

Measures the distance between an aircraft and ground-based transponders, operating above 1 GHz.

Devices like AM radios and laptops that operate in frequency ranges from 10-15 kHz to 400MHz.

Multiple types of devices and systems aboard aircraft that can emit EMI, including Personal Electronic Devices (PEDs).

EMI can damage various systems on an aircraft, from flight controls to avionics.

The ability of equipment to operate properly without causing problems for other devices in its electromagnetic environment.

Any EMC problem requires a source, a receptor (target), and a path between them.

A source of electromagnetic phenomenon.

A receptor, or target that cannot correctly get an electromagnetic signal.

The route through which the source interferes with the receiver (target).

Possible sources of disruptive electromagnetic signals, including electronic devices and natural phenomena.

Methods for electromagnetic energy transfer from a source to a receptor.

Electromagnetic energy transfer via electric current.

Electromagnetic energy transfer via a magnetic field.

Electromagnetic energy transfer via an electric field.

Electromagnetic energy transfer via an electromagnetic field.

A field created by voltages, characterized by a single pole and straight lines of force.

A field created by currents, characterized by two poles and curved lines of force

Often a complex mix of coupling methods, making identification difficult.

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) occurs when an external source disrupts the operation of an electrical circuit.

Sources of EMI can be internal (inside the aircraft) or external (coming from outside).

Internal sources of EMI include things like wiring, electronic equipment, and even passengers' personal electronics.

External sources of EMI are often more powerful and disruptive than internal ones. They include things like radar and radio transmitters.

High-Intensity Radiated Field (HIRF) is a type of powerful external EMI that can significantly impact aircraft systems.

The aluminum airframe of an aircraft can act as a resonant cavity, concentrating and amplifying both internal and external EMI.

EMI can interfere with critical aircraft systems, posing a safety risk to passengers and crew.

Passenger use of electronic devices is strictly controlled due to the potential for EMI interference with aircraft systems.

The process of connecting aircraft components to facilitate safe passage of lightning currents through the airframe, primarily through riveted or bolted joints. Additional bonding provisions might be required for external components.

Ensuring that antennas, data probes, and other external aircraft components have a secure pathway to transfer lightning currents to the airframe, preventing hazardous surges from reaching sensitive systems.

Radio-frequency emitters like CB radios, remote-controlled toys, and walkie-talkies can interfere with sensitive avionics systems. These devices are strictly prohibited on commercial flights due to their EMI potential.

Personal Electronic Devices such as laptops, scanners, and game players are not intentional emitters, yet they can produce signals that affect avionics performance due to their operating frequency range (1-MHz).

Handheld radios are potential sources of EMI that can disrupt avionics systems. They emit signals within the frequency range that can interfere with aircraft electronics.

Various devices and systems on aircraft, including personal electronic devices (PEDs), emit electromagnetic interference (EMI) which can affect avionics equipment.

EMI can affect the operation of sensitive avionics systems due to electromagnetic disturbances caused by external sources. This interference can disrupt navigation, communication, and overall aircraft operation.

EMI can occur within a wide frequency range, from kilohertz (kHz) to gigahertz (GHz), affecting different avionics systems depending on their operating frequencies.

HIRF does not include interference between aircraft systems (EMC), EMI from personal devices (PEDs), or effects of lightning or static electricity (ESD).

The frequency spectrum used by aviation systems is divided into two parts around 400 MHz. Frequencies below 400 MHz are typically used for communications and navigation, while frequencies above 400 MHz are used for radar and high-speed data.

Frequencies below 400 MHz are generally used for communication and navigation devices like radio towers. These devices usually have weak directional signals, operate continuously, and transmit modulated signals with similar peak and average power levels.

Frequencies above 400 MHz are used for systems like radar and satellite communications. These systems have narrow beam widths, often use pulsed signals, and their peak power is significantly higher than their average power.

Intentional high-powered radio signals like those used by radar and military systems can disrupt aircraft operation. This can lead to navigation errors, communication failures, and even damage to aircraft systems.

Ground-based radio towers can emit powerful signals that are capable of causing HIRF. These signals can interfere with aircraft systems, particularly when the aircraft is near the tower.

A PED (Personal Electronic Device) is a device like a smartphone or laptop that can potentially emit EMI. While not usually classified as HIRF sources, PEDs can still cause electromagnetic interference with aircraft systems.