Electrolytes and Fluid Balance Quiz

Water is a crucial nutrient for life, needed in greater amounts than any other nutrient.

The human body requires more water than any other nutrient.

Without water, survival is limited to a few days, while deficiencies in other nutrients can take much longer to impact health.

Minerals play a vital role in regulating the body's fluid balance and distribution.

Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium are key minerals contributing to fluid balance.

The body maintains a balance of fluids through various mechanisms, ensuring optimal function.

Electrolytes, minerals carrying electrical charges, are crucial for fluid balance and nerve function.

The acid-base balance in the body is essential for health and is regulated by minerals, including bicarbonate.

The kidneys' response to low blood flow, involving release of an enzyme that activates a cascade of events leading to blood pressure regulation.

A protein produced in the liver that is converted to angiotensin by renin, initiating a chain reaction to increase blood pressure.

A potent hormone formed from angiotensinogen, causing vasoconstriction (blood vessel narrowing) and stimulating aldosterone release.

A hormone released by the adrenal glands in response to angiotensin, promoting sodium and water reabsorption by the kidneys.

The process by which the kidneys retain sodium and water, increasing blood volume and pressure.

The brain's response to high blood salt levels, leading to release of a hormone that regulates water reabsorption.

A hormone released by the pituitary gland in response to hypothalamus signals, promoting water reabsorption by the kidneys.

A compound composed of a positively charged ion (other than hydrogen) and a negatively charged ion (other than hydroxide).

Electrolytes are minerals that carry an electrical charge when dissolved in body fluids.

Cations are positively charged ions, while anions are negatively charged ions.

Sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+) are the major cations found in the body.

Chloride (Cl-), bicarbonate (HCO3-), phosphate (HPO42-), sulfate (SO42-), organic acids, and proteins are the major anions found in the body.

The concentration of electrolytes varies significantly between the intracellular fluid (inside cells) and the extracellular fluid (outside cells).

Sodium is the primary cation in extracellular fluid, while potassium is the primary cation in intracellular fluid.

Maintaining a balance of electrolytes is crucial for bodily functions, such as nerve impulses, muscle contractions, and fluid balance.

The body maintains a balance of positive and negative charges in the fluids, known as electrical neutrality.

The process where water moves across cell membranes based on the concentration of dissolved electrolytes.

The ability of cell membranes to allow certain substances to pass through while blocking others.

Minerals in their ionic form, carrying electrical charges, essential for fluid balance, nerve function, and many other bodily processes.

The concentration of electrolytes in a solution, usually measured in milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L).

The relative abundance of electrolytes inside and outside cells, with sodium and chloride mainly outside and potassium and magnesium mainly inside.

Severe fluid and electrolyte loss due to vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, burns, or trauma.

Different types of fluid loss lead to the loss of different electrolytes. For example, vomiting or diarrhea causes sodium loss; adrenal gland problems can lead to potassium loss; diabetes can cause glucose loss in the urine.

Drinking water alone isn't enough to restore electrolyte balance after a significant fluid loss. Medical intervention is often necessary.

Simple solutions used to treat mild-to-moderate diarrhea, often prepared from local ingredients.

The process of replacing lost fluids and electrolytes.

Mild-to-moderate cases of diarrhea can often be treated with ORT, which doesn't require hospitalization.

The availability of ORT ingredients is crucial in providing basic healthcare to communities.

Severe cases of diarrhea or fluid loss might require hospitalization.

Electrolytes are charged minerals that help regulate fluid distribution inside and outside cells, ensuring proper water and acid-base balances for life processes.

Excessive losses of fluids and electrolytes can disrupt the body's delicate balances, leading to imbalances.

The kidneys play a crucial role in restoring homeostasis by restoring the balance of fluids and electrolytes if they are lost.

Major minerals are essential for various bodily functions and are present in larger quantities than trace minerals.

Trace minerals are equally vital but are present in smaller quantities compared to major minerals.

Minerals are inorganic substances that retain their chemical form within the body, unlike organic vitamins that can be degraded.

Minerals cannot be destroyed by heat, air, acids, or mixing, making them stable during food preparation.

Once minerals enter the body, they remain until excreted, not transformed into other substances.