Electrolyte Imbalance: Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia
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Questions and Answers

Which condition is associated with the administration of hypertonic fluids containing sodium?

  • Hypernatremia (correct)
  • Renal failure
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Hyponatremia
  • Inappropriate ADH secretion due to trauma or infection can lead to which condition?

  • Gastrointestinal fluid loss
  • Hyponatremia (correct)
  • Diuretics
  • Hypernatremia
  • Which of the following is a cause of hypernatremia related to water loss through the skin?

  • Renal tubular acidosis
  • Salt-losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Excessive loss of water through overhead heater (correct)
  • Which of the following can cause hyponatremia due to excessive renal loss of sodium?

    <p>Renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can result from fluid deprivation?

    <p>Hypernatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Electrolyte Imbalance

    Hypernatremia

    • Caused by excessive loss of water through various means, including:
      • Overhead heaters that remove moisture from the air
      • Gastrointestinal fluid loss due to vomiting or diarrhea
      • Deprivation of fluids
      • Kidney-related issues, such as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, which affects the kidneys' ability to regulate water levels
      • Administration of hypertonic fluids that contain high concentrations of sodium

    Hyponatremia

    • Can occur due to:
      • Inappropriate release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) following trauma or infection
      • Administration of hypotonic fluids that have low sodium concentrations
      • Certain medical conditions, including:
        • Renal tubular acidosis, which affects the kidneys' ability to regulate electrolyte levels
        • Salt-losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic disorder that affects cortisol production
        • 21-hydroxylase deficiency, a genetic disorder that affects adrenal gland function
        • Cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder that affects the respiratory and digestive systems
      • Use of diuretics, which increase urine production and can lead to sodium depletion
      • Kidney failure, which can disrupt electrolyte balance

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    Description

    This quiz covers the causes of electrolyte imbalances, including hyponatremia and hypernatremia, such as fluid loss, administration of hypertonic/hypotonic fluids, and renal problems. Test your knowledge of these important medical conditions.

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