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Questions and Answers
What occurs at the cathode during a redox reaction?
What occurs at the cathode during a redox reaction?
- Decrease in temperature
- Formation of gas
- Reduction of ions (correct)
- Oxidation of ions
Oxidation occurs when a substance gains electrons.
Oxidation occurs when a substance gains electrons.
False (B)
What ion is produced at the anode when bromide ions are oxidized?
What ion is produced at the anode when bromide ions are oxidized?
Bromine
If a metal is below hydrogen in the reactivity series, it will be formed at the ______.
If a metal is below hydrogen in the reactivity series, it will be formed at the ______.
Match the following processes with their corresponding electrodes:
Match the following processes with their corresponding electrodes:
Which ion will more likely be discharged at the anode along with common negative ions?
Which ion will more likely be discharged at the anode along with common negative ions?
Hydroxide ions are more likely to be discharged than sulfate ions.
Hydroxide ions are more likely to be discharged than sulfate ions.
List one example of a common negative ion that obtains oxygen at the anode during electrolysis.
List one example of a common negative ion that obtains oxygen at the anode during electrolysis.
The order of cation discharge is as follows: Na+, _____, Al3+, H+, Cu2+.
The order of cation discharge is as follows: Na+, _____, Al3+, H+, Cu2+.
Match the following negative ions with their discharge likelihood:
Match the following negative ions with their discharge likelihood:
What products are formed at the cathode during the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution?
What products are formed at the cathode during the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution?
Chlorine gas is a safe product that can be inhaled without precautions during electrolysis.
Chlorine gas is a safe product that can be inhaled without precautions during electrolysis.
What is left behind in the solution after the electrolysis of sodium chloride?
What is left behind in the solution after the electrolysis of sodium chloride?
Sodium chloride (NaCl) dissociates in solution to form ___, ___, ___, and ___ ions.
Sodium chloride (NaCl) dissociates in solution to form ___, ___, ___, and ___ ions.
Match the products with their respective locations during the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution:
Match the products with their respective locations during the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution:
What is formed at the cathode during the electrolysis of molten lead (II) bromide?
What is formed at the cathode during the electrolysis of molten lead (II) bromide?
Bromine gas is formed at the anode during electrolysis of molten lead (II) bromide.
Bromine gas is formed at the anode during electrolysis of molten lead (II) bromide.
What is the half-reaction for the cathode during the electrolysis of aluminum oxide?
What is the half-reaction for the cathode during the electrolysis of aluminum oxide?
During electrolysis, the electrode where reduction occurs is called the ______.
During electrolysis, the electrode where reduction occurs is called the ______.
Which of the following is a product of the anode during the electrolysis of sodium chloride?
Which of the following is a product of the anode during the electrolysis of sodium chloride?
Match the following ionic compounds with their correct anode products:
Match the following ionic compounds with their correct anode products:
Reduction involves the loss of electrons.
Reduction involves the loss of electrons.
What type of electrodes are used during the electrolysis of aluminum oxide?
What type of electrodes are used during the electrolysis of aluminum oxide?
The cathode product of copper bromide during electrolysis is ______.
The cathode product of copper bromide during electrolysis is ______.
What is the overall reaction at the anode for the electrolysis of zinc chloride?
What is the overall reaction at the anode for the electrolysis of zinc chloride?
What gas is produced at the cathode during the electrolysis of potassium iodide (KI) solution?
What gas is produced at the cathode during the electrolysis of potassium iodide (KI) solution?
The electrolysis of magnesium bromide (MgBr2) solution produces bromine gas at the anode.
The electrolysis of magnesium bromide (MgBr2) solution produces bromine gas at the anode.
What happens to the blue color of the solution during the electrolysis of copper (II) sulfate using inert electrodes?
What happens to the blue color of the solution during the electrolysis of copper (II) sulfate using inert electrodes?
Match the following half-reactions with their corresponding reactions:
Match the following half-reactions with their corresponding reactions:
The half-reaction at the anode for the electrolysis of copper (II) sulfate solution using copper electrodes is: Cu (s) ______ Cu2+(aq) + 2e.
The half-reaction at the anode for the electrolysis of copper (II) sulfate solution using copper electrodes is: Cu (s) ______ Cu2+(aq) + 2e.
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Study Notes
Electrolysis of Molten Ionic Compounds
- Electrolysis is the process of using electricity to decompose a compound.
- In molten ionic compounds, the ions are free to move and conduct electricity.
- At the cathode (negative electrode), positive ions gain electrons and are reduced.
- At the anode (positive electrode), negative ions lose electrons and are oxidized.
- The products of electrolysis can be predicted based on the reactivity series.
Electrolysis of Lead (II) Bromide (PbBr2)
- Molten PbBr2 decomposes into Pb2+ and Br- ions
- At the cathode, Pb2+ ions gain electrons to form lead metal (Pb).
- At the anode, Br- ions lose electrons to form bromine gas (Br2).
Products of Electrolysis of Molten Compounds
- Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3):
- Cathode: Aluminum metal (Al) is formed.
- Anode: Oxygen gas (O2) is evolved.
- Copper Bromide (CuBr):
- Cathode: Copper metal (Cu) is formed.
- Anode: Bromine gas (Br2) is evolved.
- Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2):
- Cathode: Zinc metal (Zn) is formed.
- Anode: Chlorine gas (Cl2) is evolved.
- Sodium Chloride (NaCl):
- Cathode: Sodium metal (Na) is formed.
- Anode: Chlorine gas (Cl2) is evolved.
Electrolysis and Redox Reactions
- Reduction: Gain of electrons. This process occurs at the cathode.
- Oxidation: Loss of electrons. This process occurs at the anode.
- Redox Reactions: Oxidation and reduction always occur simultaneously.
- Cathode: Reduction (RED CAT)
- Anode: Oxidation (AN OX)
Reactivity Series and Electrolysis
- Metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series: Hydrogen gas is produced at the cathode instead of the metal.
- Metals below hydrogen in the reactivity series: The metal is produced at the cathode.
- Halides (chlorides, bromides, iodides): The corresponding halogen is produced at the anode.
- Other common negative ions (sulfate, nitrate, hydroxide): Oxygen gas is produced at the anode.
Electrolysis of Sodium Chloride Solution (NaCl)
- Ions in solution: Na+, Cl-, H+, OH-
- Cathode: Hydrogen gas (H2) is produced.
- Anode: Chlorine gas (Cl2) is produced.
- Result: The solution becomes alkaline due to the formation of sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
- Safety: Chlorine gas is poisonous. Electrolysis of NaCl should be performed in a fume hood or well-ventilated area.
Electrolysis of Potassium Iodide Solution (KI)
- Ions in solution: K+, I-, H+, OH-
- Cathode: Hydrogen gas (H2) is produced.
- Anode: Iodine gas (I2) is produced.
Electrolysis of Magnesium Bromide Solution (MgBr2)
- Ions in solution: Mg2+, Br-, H+, OH-
- Cathode: Hydrogen gas (H2) is produced.
- Anode: Bromine gas (Br2) is produced.
Electrolysis of Aqueous Copper (II) Sulphate Solution
- Ions in solution: H+, OH-, Cu2+, SO42-
- Using Inert Electrodes:
- Cathode: Copper metal (Cu) is deposited, resulting in a fading blue color of the solution.
- Anode: Oxygen gas (O2) is produced.
- Using Copper Electrodes:
- Cathode: Copper metal (Cu) is deposited.
- Anode: Copper metal (Cu) dissolves, releasing Cu2+ ions, maintaining the deep blue color of the solution.
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