Electrochemistry Unit 3 Objectives

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Questions and Answers

Which type of cell uses electrical energy to carry out non-spontaneous chemical reactions?

Galvanic cell

Electrolytic cell (correct)

Primary cell

Fuel cell

What is the Nernst equation used for in the context of electrochemical cells?

Calculating the emf of a galvanic cell (correct)

Measuring the molar conductivity of ionic solutions

Calculating the standard potential of the cell

Deriving the relation between standard potential, Gibbs energy, and equilibrium constant

What property of a solution does resistivity (ρ) and conductivity (κ) of ionic solutions depend on?

Concentration (correct)

Volume

Pressure

Temperature

What does molar conductivity at zero concentration or infinite dilution (Λ°m) represent?

The maximum conductivity of a solution Signup and view all the answers

What law enunciates the variation of molar conductivity with concentration for electrolytic solutions?

Kohlrausch's law Signup and view all the answers

Which process can be explained as an electrochemical process involving the gradual destruction of metals by chemical or electrochemical reaction with their environment?

Corrosion Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a galvanic or voltaic cell?

To produce electrical energy from spontaneous chemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

In electrochemical cells, when the external potential exceeds 1.1 V, the cell functions as:

An electrolytic cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a galvanic cell and an electrolytic cell?

The galvanic cell produces electricity from spontaneous reactions, while the electrolytic cell uses electricity to drive non-spontaneous reactions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a salt bridge in an electrochemical cell?

To maintain electrical neutrality in the half-cells Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the opposing voltage applied in a galvanic cell reaches 1.1 V?

The reaction stops altogether and no current flows through the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of studying electrochemistry?

It helps in producing new technologies that are ecofriendly Signup and view all the answers

What are some products that can be produced by electrochemical methods?

Metals, sodium hydroxide, chlorine, and fluorine Signup and view all the answers

What is the electrical potential of a Daniell cell when the concentration of Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions is unity?

+1.1 V Signup and view all the answers

What happens when Eext < 1.1 V in a galvanic cell?

Electrons flow from Zn rod to Cu rod, and Zn dissolves at anode while copper deposits at cathode. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an electrolytic cell?

To carry out non-spontaneous chemical reactions using electrical energy Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Electrochemical Cells

Electrolytic cells utilize electrical energy to drive non-spontaneous chemical reactions.
The Nernst equation calculates the cell potential based on concentrations of reactants and products.
Resistivity (ρ) and conductivity (κ) of ionic solutions depend on the concentration of ions and their mobility.

Molar Conductivity

Molar conductivity at infinite dilution (Λ°m) indicates how well an electrolyte conducts electricity per mole at very low concentrations.
The Debye-Hückel theory describes the variation of molar conductivity with concentration for electrolytic solutions.

Corrosion and Electrochemical Processes

Corrosion is the gradual destruction of metals due to chemical or electrochemical reactions with their environment.
Galvanic or voltaic cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy through spontaneous reactions.

Cell Functions and Conditions

When external potential exceeds 1.1 V, the galvanic cell operates as an electrolytic cell.
The main difference between galvanic and electrolytic cells lies in their spontaneity: galvanic cells produce electricity spontaneously, while electrolytic cells require external energy.

Salt Bridge and External Voltage

A salt bridge maintains electrical neutrality by allowing ions to flow between the anode and cathode compartments.
When opposing voltage in a galvanic cell reaches 1.1 V, the cell may cease to produce current and behave like an electrolytic cell.

Importance of Electrochemistry

Studying electrochemistry is critical for understanding energy conversion, storage, and corrosion processes.
Electrochemical methods can produce various products, including metals, gases, and chemical compounds.

Daniell Cell and External Potential

The electrical potential of a Daniell cell with Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions at unity concentration is a standardized measure of its voltage output.
If the external potential (Eext) is less than 1.1 V in a galvanic cell, it continues to function normally, generating current.

Function of Electrolytic Cell

An electrolytic cell facilitates non-spontaneous reactions through the application of an external power source, allowing for chemical changes that wouldn't occur naturally.

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Description

Test your understanding of electrochemical cells, Nernst equation, standard potential, Gibbs energy, resistivity, conductivity, and molar conductivity of ionic solutions with this quiz.