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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of electrocardiography?
What is the purpose of electrocardiography?
To evaluate chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, or heart palpitations; to detect an abnormality in the heart's rate or rhythm; to detect the presence of impaired blood flow to the heart muscle; to help diagnose damage to the heart caused by a myocardial infarction; to determine the presence of hypertrophy of the heart; and to assess the effect on the heart of cardiac drugs.
What is the cardiac cycle?
What is the cardiac cycle?
One complete heartbeat.
Label the following components on the ECG cycle:
Label the following components on the ECG cycle:
P wave = Atrial depolarization QRS complex = Ventricular depolarization T wave = Ventricular repolarization P-R segment = Time interval from end of atrial depolarization to beginning of ventricular depolarization S-T segment = Time interval from end of ventricular depolarization to beginning of ventricular repolarization P-R interval = Time interval from beginning of atrial depolarization to beginning of ventricular depolarization Q-T interval = Time interval from beginning of ventricular depolarization to end of repolarization
Explain what each component of the ECG cycle represents.
Explain what each component of the ECG cycle represents.
Why is the R wave taller than the P wave on the ECG graph cycle?
Why is the R wave taller than the P wave on the ECG graph cycle?
Why does atrial repolarization not appear as a separate wave on the ECG cycle?
Why does atrial repolarization not appear as a separate wave on the ECG cycle?
Why is the baseline flat following the U wave?
Why is the baseline flat following the U wave?
What changes can occur on an ECG due to coronary artery disease?
What changes can occur on an ECG due to coronary artery disease?
What is the purpose of standardizing the electrocardiograph?
What is the purpose of standardizing the electrocardiograph?
How high should the standardization mark be when the electrocardiogram is standardized?
How high should the standardization mark be when the electrocardiogram is standardized?
What is a lead, and what information does it provide?
What is a lead, and what information does it provide?
What is the function of an electrode?
What is the function of an electrode?
What is the function of an amplifier in ECG?
What is the function of an amplifier in ECG?
Which electrode is used as a ground reference?
Which electrode is used as a ground reference?
Why must an electrolyte be used when recording an electrocardiogram?
Why must an electrolyte be used when recording an electrocardiogram?
How should electrodes be stored?
How should electrodes be stored?
What maintenance should be performed on an ECG machine?
What maintenance should be performed on an ECG machine?
At what speed does the paper move while recording a normal electrocardiogram?
At what speed does the paper move while recording a normal electrocardiogram?
What is the difference between a three-channel and a single-channel electrocardiograph?
What is the difference between a three-channel and a single-channel electrocardiograph?
What is the purpose of each of the following electrocardiograph capabilities: interpretive capability, EMR connectivity, teletransmission?
What is the purpose of each of the following electrocardiograph capabilities: interpretive capability, EMR connectivity, teletransmission?
Why should artifacts be eliminated if they occur in an ECG recording?
Why should artifacts be eliminated if they occur in an ECG recording?
What is the function of an artifact filter?
What is the function of an artifact filter?
List three possible causes of muscle artifacts.
List three possible causes of muscle artifacts.
List three possible causes of wandering baseline.
List three possible causes of wandering baseline.
List three possible causes of 60-cycle interference artifacts.
List three possible causes of 60-cycle interference artifacts.
List four uses of Holter monitor electrocardiography.
List four uses of Holter monitor electrocardiography.
List examples of cardiac dysrhythmias.
List examples of cardiac dysrhythmias.
What is the purpose of a pulmonary function test?
What is the purpose of a pulmonary function test?
What are the indications for performing spirometry?
What are the indications for performing spirometry?
What patient preparation is required for spirometry?
What patient preparation is required for spirometry?
What is the purpose of postbronchodilator spirometry?
What is the purpose of postbronchodilator spirometry?
What are the characteristics of asthma?
What are the characteristics of asthma?
What are five examples of allergens that may trigger an asthma attack?
What are five examples of allergens that may trigger an asthma attack?
What are five examples of environmental irritants that may trigger an asthma attack?
What are five examples of environmental irritants that may trigger an asthma attack?
What happens to the bronchial tubes during an asthma attack?
What happens to the bronchial tubes during an asthma attack?
What is the purpose of long-term-control asthma medication?
What is the purpose of long-term-control asthma medication?
What is the purpose of quick-relief asthma medication?
What is the purpose of quick-relief asthma medication?
What is the purpose of a peak flow meter?
What is the purpose of a peak flow meter?
What is the difference between a low-range and full-range peak flow meter?
What is the difference between a low-range and full-range peak flow meter?
What is the purpose of peak flow measurements?
What is the purpose of peak flow measurements?
Why is oxygen needed by the body?
Why is oxygen needed by the body?
What occurs when the body cannot maintain an adequate oxygen level?
What occurs when the body cannot maintain an adequate oxygen level?
What conditions may require home oxygen therapy?
What conditions may require home oxygen therapy?
What is the purpose of the regulator and flow meter on an oxygen cylinder?
What is the purpose of the regulator and flow meter on an oxygen cylinder?
What is liquid oxygen?
What is liquid oxygen?
What is an oxygen concentrator?
What is an oxygen concentrator?
What is the primary advantage of using a nasal cannula to administer oxygen?
What is the primary advantage of using a nasal cannula to administer oxygen?
List two reasons for using a face mask to administer oxygen therapy.
List two reasons for using a face mask to administer oxygen therapy.
What occurs if oxygen comes in contact with fire?
What occurs if oxygen comes in contact with fire?
How should oxygen be stored?
How should oxygen be stored?
Study Notes
Electrocardiography (ECG)
- Used to evaluate symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and heart palpitations.
- Detects dysrhythmias, cardiac ischemia, myocardial infarction damage, and hypertrophy.
- Identifies myocarditis, pericarditis, electrolyte disturbances, congenital heart defects, and surgical cardiac risk.
Cardiac Cycle
- Defined as one complete heartbeat.
ECG Cycle Components
- P wave: Atrial depolarization.
- QRS complex: Ventricular depolarization.
- T wave: Ventricular repolarization.
- P-R segment: Interval between atrial and ventricular depolarization.
- S-T segment: Interval during ventricular repolarization.
- P-R interval: Time from start of atrial depolarization to start of ventricular depolarization.
- Q-T interval: Time from start of ventricular depolarization to end of repolarization.
R Wave vs. P Wave
- R wave is taller due to larger ventricular size requiring stronger electrical stimulation.
Atrial Repolarization
- Not visibly represented due to occurring simultaneously with ventricular depolarization, hidden by the QRS complex.
Electrocardiograph Standardization
- Ensures recordings are accurate and comparable across machines; standardization mark should be 10 mm.
Electrodes and Leads
- Electrodes conduct electrical impulses from the heart to the machine.
- A lead provides an "electrical photograph" of heart activity.
ECG Machine Components
- Amplifier: Enlarges electrical impulses.
- Galvanometer: Converts amplified voltages into mechanical motion.
- Thermal print head: Records heart electrical impulses on paper.
Electrode Maintenance
- Right leg lead serves as a ground reference; electrolyte facilitates impulse transmission; check electrode expiration to ensure functionality.
ECG Artifacts
- Artifacts must be minimized for clear readings; common causes include loose electrodes and patient movement.
Holter Monitor
- Assesses heart activity during daily life; detects dysrhythmias not seen on standard ECG; evaluates medication effects.
Spirometry
- Assesses lung function to detect pulmonary disease; indicated for symptomatic or high-risk patients.
Asthma Characteristics
- Chronic inflammation of airways, causing cough, chest tightness, and wheezing.
Asthma Triggers
- Allergens: dust, pollen, molds, animal dander.
- Environmental irritants: tobacco smoke, air pollutants, cold air.
Oxygen Usage in the Body
- Vital for energy production through glucose metabolism; inadequate oxygen leads to cell and organ failure.
Home Oxygen Therapy
- Required for conditions like severe COPD, lung cancer, and heart failure.
Oxygen Delivery Systems
- Nasal cannula: does not interfere with talking/eating.
- Face masks: provide higher oxygen flow; reduce nasal irritation at night.
Oxygen Safety
- Should be stored away from flames and heat; fire intensified in presence of oxygen.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of electrocardiography (ECG), including its diagnostic uses and the key components of the ECG cycle. This quiz covers the significance of the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave, as well as the differences between R wave and P wave. Enhance your understanding of cardiac functions and interpretations through this engaging quiz.
