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Questions and Answers
The SA node is responsible for initiating the electrical activity of the heart.
True
The left atrium is larger than the left ventricle.
False
Ventricular contraction occurs during the P-wave of the ECG.
False
Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle in the heart.
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The T-wave in the ECG represents ventricular depolarization.
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The Purkinje fibers are part of the conduction system of the heart.
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The heart has a total of three chambers.
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The Bundle of His transmits electrical impulses from the SA node to the ventricles.
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Atrial depolarization is represented by the QRS complex in the ECG.
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There is a brief pause between atrial depolarization and ventricular depolarization.
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Atrial fibrillation exhibits an atrial rate of 400 to 650 beats per minute.
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Ventricular tachycardia has a rate of 40 to 59 beats per minute.
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Bradycardia is defined as a heart rate that falls below 60 beats per minute.
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Atrial arrhythmias can only occur as a result of disorders of impulse conduction.
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The rate of multifocal atrial tachycardia generally ranges from 100 to 250 beats per minute.
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Ventricular fibrillation's rate can reach as high as 650 beats per minute.
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Early after depolarization is a mechanism associated with disorders of impulse conduction.
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A heart rate of 101 to 160 beats per minute is classified as sinus tachycardia.
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Atrial fibrillation represents a disorder of impulse conduction exclusively.
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Bradycardia is characterized by a heart rate above 60 beats per minute.
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The heart consists of 6 chambers in total.
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The T-wave in the ECG represents ventricular repolarization.
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The SA node is the last part of the heart to show electrical activity.
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Blood flows from the left ventricle to the right atrium in a normal circulatory pathway.
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Atrial contraction occurs shortly after the P-wave of the ECG.
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The AV node, Bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers fire in sequence during the T-wave.
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The conduction system of the heart includes the SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers.
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Atrial depolarization is represented by the P-wave in the ECG.
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The ventricles contract before they depolarize.
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Ventricular depolarization occurs after the atria have completely repolarized.
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Ventricular fibrillation can have a rate of 150 to 500 beats per minute.
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Bradycardia is defined as a heart rate above 60 beats per minute.
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Atrial fibrillation has an atrial rate that exceeds 300 beats per minute.
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Sinus bradycardia is classified with a heart rate ranging from 60 to 80 beats per minute.
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Multifocal atrial tachycardia has a rate that can vary from 100 to 250 beats per minute.
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Automaticity is a mechanism associated with disorders of impulse conduction.
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Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia has an atrial rate that can be as high as 250 beats per minute.
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Sinus tachycardia is classified as a heart rate between 80 to 100 beats per minute.
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Early after depolarization is linked to disorders of impulse formation.
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The heart has a total of four chambers involved in impulse conduction.
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Study Notes
Electrocardiography (ECG)
- ECG records the electrical activity of the heart
- ECG can diagnose arrhythmias, myocardial damage, and other heart problems
- ECG records electrical changes on the body surface due to rhythmic depolarization of heart cells during contraction
Basic Heart Anatomy
- The heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles
- The atria are smaller than the ventricles
- The left ventricle is bigger than the right ventricle
- Blood flow through the heart follows this order: right atria, right ventricle, lungs, left atria, left ventricle, rest of the body
Conduction System
- Conduction system components:
- SA Node (Pacemaker)
- AV Node
- Bundle of His
- Perkinje fibers
Electrocardiogram and Heart Rate
- The SA node is the first part of the heart to show electrical activity
- Both atria depolarize (P-wave) shortly after the SA node fires, followed by atrial contraction
- There is a brief pause before the AV node, Bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers fire in succession (QRS complex)
- Ventricular depolarization is followed by ventricular contraction and repolarization (T-wave)
Arrhythmias
- Arrhythmias are caused by disorders in impulse formation, conduction, or both
- Arrhythmia symptoms:
- Palpitation
- Fibrillation
- Atrial fibrillation
- Ventricular fibrillation
- Bradycardia
- Tachycardia
Mechanism of Arrhythmogenesis
- Disorder of impulse formation:
- Automaticity
- Triggered Activity
- Early after depolarization
- Delayed after depolarization
- Disorder of impulse conduction:
- Block
- Reentry
- Reflection
- Combined disorder
Common Arrhythmias
- Sinus tachycardia (Rate: 101-160/min)
- Sinus bradycardia (Rate: 40-59 bpm)
- Multifocal atrial tachycardia (Rate: 100-250/bpm)
- Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (Atrial rate: 160-250/min)
- Atrial fibrillation (Atrial rate : 400-650/bpm)
- Ventricular tachycardia (Rate: 100 to 220/bpm)
- Ventricular fibrillation(Ventricules rate : 150 to 500/bpm)
Electrocardiography (ECG)
- Recording electrical activity of the heart
- Diagnoses arrhythmias, myocardial damage, and heart problems
- Heart contractions are caused by depolarization of heart cells
- The electrical changes during contraction are recorded on the body surface
Basic Heart Anatomy
- Heart consists of four chambers: two atria and two ventricles
- Atria are smaller than ventricles
- Left ventricle is bigger than the right ventricle
- Blood flow is in the following order:
- Right Atrium
- Right Ventricle
- Lungs
- Left Atrium
- Left Ventricle
- Rest of the body
Conduction System
- SA Node (Pacemaker)
- AV Node
- Bundle of His
- Perkinje fibers
Electrocardiogram and Heart Rate
- The SA Node is the first part of the heart to show electrical activity
- The atria of the heart depolarize (P-wave) followed by atrial contraction
- AV Node, Bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers fire in succession (QRS complex)
- Ventricular depolarization occurs followed by ventricular contraction and repolarization (T-wave)
Arrhythmias
- Disorders of impulse formation, conduction, or both
- Common symptoms: palpitations, fibrillation, atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrillation, bradycardia, tachycardia
Mechanism of Arrhythmogensis
- Disorder of Impulse Formation
- Automaticity
- Triggered Activity
- Early after depolarization
- Delayed after depolarization
- Disorder of Impulse Conduction
- Block
- Reentry
- Reflection
- Combined disorder
Common Arrhythmias
- Sinus Tachycardia (Rate: 101-160/min)
- Sinus Bradycardia (Rate: 40-59 bpm)
- Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (Rate: 100-250/bpm)
- Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (Atrial rate: 160-250/min)
- Atrial Fibrillation (Atrial rate: 400-650/bpm)
- Ventricular Tachycardia (Rate: 100 to 220/bpm)
- Ventricular Fibrillation (Ventricules rate: 150 to 500/bpm)
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Description
Test your knowledge on electrocardiography (ECG), basic heart anatomy, and the conduction system of the heart. This quiz covers topics such as the electrical activity of the heart and the structure of its chambers. Brush up on your understanding of heart function and diagnosis through ECG.
