Electricity and Magnetism Quiz

A property of protons and electrons. Protons have a positive charge, and electrons have a negative charge.

An excess of electrons, meaning there are more electrons than protons.

A deficiency of electrons, meaning more protons than electrons.

Attraction or repulsion force between electric charges.

Electric charges cannot be created or destroyed.

Material that allows electric charges to flow easily.

Material that does not allow electric charges to flow easily.

The unit of electric charge.

The number of protons (positively charged particles) in the nucleus of an atom equals the number of electrons (negatively charged particles) orbiting the nucleus. This balance creates an overall neutral charge.

Electrons in a conductor are loosely bound and can move freely. When an electric field is applied, these electrons move, creating an electric current. The current flows along the surface of the wire.

Ions are atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge. These charged particles can move freely in a solution, carrying electric current.

A substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in a solvent. This is because the solution contains free ions.

A material that allows electric charge to flow freely through it. Examples include metals like copper, iron, gold, and solutions like salt water.

A material that resists the flow of electric charge. Examples include non-metals like glass, rubber, and plastic.

A material with conductivity that falls between conductors and insulators. Its conductivity can be controlled by factors like temperature or impurities.

A region of space where a charged object experiences a force. The strength of the field depends on the charge and distance from the source charge.

Air with high humidity has less static electricity due to the presence of water molecules that absorb electric charges.

There are three main types of electrification: friction (rubbing), conduction (direct contact), and induction (without contact).

When two materials are rubbed together, electrons can transfer from one material to another, resulting in both materials becoming charged with opposite signs.

A list that ranks materials based on their tendency to gain or lose electrons when rubbed together. The higher a material is on the list, the more likely it is to gain electrons and become negatively charged.

In electrification by friction, only electrons are transferred. Protons stay within their nucleus, unable to move.

When a charged object touches an uncharged object, charges distribute equally between them, making both possess the same type of charge (either positive or negative) but at a lower magnitude.

This process involves creating charges in an object without direct contact. It's done by bringing a charged object near an uncharged one, causing charges to rearrange within the uncharged object.

Objects with opposite charges (positive and negative) attract each other.

Describes the force between two stationary charged particles. The force is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

The flow of electric charges, typically electrons, in a specific direction.

The direction of current flow as if positive charges were moving.

The unit of electric current, representing the amount of charge flowing per second.

The unit of electric charge is the Coulomb (C).

Static electricity involves stationary charges, while dynamic electricity involves charges in motion.

Coulomb's Law describes the force between stationary charges, while electric current involves the movement of charges.

The intensity of the electric current increases.

Electric current is the flow of electric charge through a circuit. It is measured in amperes (A).

Electric charge (q) can be calculated by multiplying the electric current (I) by the time interval (Δt) during which the current flows: q = I x Δt.

One coulomb (C) of charge is equivalent to the charge carried by 6.25 x 10^18 electrons.

An ammeter is a device used to measure the electric current flowing through a circuit.

An ammeter must be connected in series with the component whose current needs to be measured.