Electricity and Magnetism Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Describe the 3 rules of charge.

Opposite charges attract each other, like charges repel each other, and charged objects attract neutral objects.

What is Ohm's Law?

V = IR

Differentiate between the effects of an open vs closed circuit.

A closed circuit allows current to flow, while an open circuit prevents current from flowing.

List the two ways to increase the strength of an electromagnet.

Increasing the number of loops of wire around the iron core and increasing the current or voltage. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the relationship between electricity and magnetism.

Electricity and magnetism are interrelated; moving magnets generate electricity, and electricity can create magnetic fields. Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between magnetic domains in magnetic vs non-magnetic elements.

Magnetic materials have aligned magnetic domains, while non-magnetic materials have random arrangements. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the relationship between magnetic fields and magnetic force.

Magnetic force arises from the interaction between charged particles due to their motion in a magnetic field. Signup and view all the answers

What are ferromagnetic materials?

Metal alloys that are attracted to magnets or can be turned into permanent magnets. Signup and view all the answers

Define a magnetic field.

A region around a magnetic material or moving electric charge where magnetism acts. Signup and view all the answers

What is a magnet?

Any material that attracts iron and materials containing iron. Signup and view all the answers

What is a voltmeter?

A device used to measure voltage or electrical potential energy difference. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in a circuit.

According to Ohm's Law, the current is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the factors that affect resistance.

The type of material, the length, thickness, and temperature of the conductor. Signup and view all the answers

What is static electricity?

Electric charge at rest, generally produced by friction or induction. Signup and view all the answers

What is an electroscope?

A device used to detect electric charges, consisting of a metal knob connected to two thin metal leaves. Signup and view all the answers

Define an insulator.

A material that does not allow heat or electrons to move through it easily. Signup and view all the answers

What is static discharge?

The loss of static electricity as electric charges transfer from one object to another. Signup and view all the answers

What is grounding?

Allowing charges to move freely along a connection between a conductor and the ground. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how a battery works.

A battery converts chemical energy stored inside into electrical energy. Signup and view all the answers

What is resistance?

A material's opposition to the flow of electric current, measured in Ohms. Signup and view all the answers

Define voltage difference.

Related to the force that causes electric charges to flow; measured in volts. Signup and view all the answers

What is current?

A flow of electric charge, measured in Amps. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the three ways charge can be transferred.

Through friction, conduction, and induction. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Rules of Charge

Opposite charges attract each other.
Like charges repel each other.
Charged objects attract neutral objects.

Ohm's Law

Electric current is proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance.
Formula: V = IR.

Open vs. Closed Circuit

A closed circuit allows current to flow through a complete path.
An open circuit has a break preventing current flow, leading to infinite impedance.

Strength of Electromagnets

Increase strength by adding more wire loops around the iron core.
Boost strength by increasing current or voltage.
Temporary magnets can be made by stroking iron/steel with a permanent magnet.

Relationship Between Electricity and Magnetism

Involves attraction and repulsion of charged particles.
Interactions are termed electromagnetism.
Movement of magnets can generate electricity, while electricity can create magnetic fields.

Magnetic Domains

Magnetic materials align their magnetic domains, responding to external magnetic fields.
Non-magnetic materials have randomly arranged domains and do not respond to magnetic fields.

Magnetic Fields and Force

Magnetic force is the attraction or repulsion between charged particles in motion.
Force on a charge is influenced by the magnetic field produced by another moving charge.

Ferromagnetism

Refers to metal alloys attracted to magnets or those which can become permanent magnets.

Magnetic Field

A region surrounding magnetic materials or a moving electric charge where magnetic forces act.

Magnet

Material that attracts iron and its alloys.

Voltmeter

Device used to measure voltage or electrical potential difference.

Voltage, Current, and Resistance

Defined by Ohm's Law: I = V/R.
Current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance.

Factors Affecting Resistance

Type of material (resistor composition).
Length of the resistor.
Thickness of the resistor.
Temperature of the conductor.

Static Electricity

Electric charge that remains at rest, usually produced by friction or induction.

Electroscope

Tool for detecting electric charges, featuring a metal knob and two thin leaves.

Insulator

Material that does not easily allow heat or electrons to move through it.

Static Discharge

Loss of static electricity when charges transfer between objects.

Grounding

Provides a path for electric charges to move freely to the ground.

How Batteries Work

Convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy.

Resistance

Opposition of a material to electric current flow; measured in Ohms.

Voltage Difference

Drives the flow of electric charges; measured in volts.

Current

The flow of electric charge, represented by the symbol (I), measured in Amps.

Charge Transfer Methods

Charges can be transferred via friction, conduction, or induction.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards on electricity and magnetism. Each card covers fundamental concepts such as the rules of charge, Ohm's Law, and the differences between open and closed circuits. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of these key principles.