Electricity and Atomic Structure Quiz

Electricity

• Electricity is the collection or flow of electrons, forming an electric charge.
• Static electricity is a stationary or collected charge on a surface.
• Current electricity is a rapidly flowing charge through a conductor.

Atomic Structure and Charge

• Matter is composed of atoms.
• Atoms consist of a nucleus containing protons (positive charge) and neutrons (neutral) and electrons (negative charge) orbiting the nucleus.
• A neutral atom has an equal number of protons and electrons.
• Gaining electrons results in a negative charge.
• Losing electrons results in a positive charge.

Insulators and Conductors

• Insulators are materials that do not allow electrons to easily flow.
• Insulators can be easily charged by friction, as gained electrons cannot easily escape.
• Conductors are materials that allow electrons to flow easily.
• Conductors cannot be easily charged by friction, as gained electrons easily escape.
• Examples of insulators include glass and pure water.
• Examples of conductors include metals and water with dissolved materials.

Semiconductors

• Semiconductors can be switched between being insulators and conductors.
• They are the foundation of modern electronics and computers.

Electrostatic Force (Coulomb's Law)

• The force between two electric charges is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
• Like charges repel, and opposite charges attract.
• This force is different from gravity, as gravity is always attractive.
• Coulomb's constant (k) is 8.99 x 10⁹ Nm²/C².
• The unit of charge is the coulomb (C).
• 1 coulomb is equal to 1 ampere-second (1C = 1As).
• The charge of an electron is -1.602 x 10^-19 C
• The charge of a proton is +1.602 x 10^-19 C
• A coulomb is a large amount of charge. Everyday examples of static electricity usually involve smaller units (microcoulombs (µC) , nanocoulombs (nC), picocoulombs (pC)).

Test your knowledge on electricity, atomic structure, and the properties of conductors and insulators. This quiz covers the fundamentals of electric charges, current and static electricity, as well as the behavior of atoms. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of these important concepts.