Electrical Workshop SEC 1 Manual
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of preparing a single line circuit diagram for staircase wiring using 2-way switches?

  • To understand the layout of electrical components in a building. (correct)
  • To practice the installation of low tension conductors.
  • To learn about power generation techniques.
  • To evaluate the cost of a residential wiring project. (correct)

Which of the following components is NOT typically studied in relation to Low Tension (LT) electrical systems?

  • Inductors
  • Switches
  • Fuses
  • Transformers (correct)

Which electrical symbol representation is associated with a 'Switch'?

  • Thermistor
  • SPST Toggle Switch (correct)
  • Capacitor
  • Inductor

In measuring Lumen, what is primarily determined in the context of lamps?

<p>The brightness output. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a type of resistor that can adjust its resistance value?

<p>Trimmer Resistor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of wiring project involves evaluating the total cost with all electrical fixtures?

<p>Implementation of a bed switch wiring. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which conductor type is explored in the laboratory experiments listed?

<p>LT conductors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of constructing electrical wiring on a wooden board during the experiments?

<p>To provide a safe platform for experimentation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum recommended number of layers of tape for insulation according to the rule of thumb?

<p>Two half-lapped layers or 1.5 times the thickness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cable is most commonly used for low tension (LT) distribution?

<p>PVC armored cables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key characteristic of the insulation process when applying tape?

<p>Stretching the tape while applying provides better protection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a Low Tension (LT) cable?

<p>Cables having a voltage level below 1.1kV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason tungsten is used in incandescent bulbs?

<p>It has a very high melting point. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using Vulcanized Indian Rubber (VIR) cables?

<p>They have a high Sulphur content that can corrode copper. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about fluorescent lamps is true?

<p>They require a special electronic ballast for operation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using incandescent bulbs compared to fluorescent lamps?

<p>Lower energy efficiency. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cable is typically used for high tension (HT) networks?

<p>PILC and XLPE cables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of classifying cables?

<p>Based on color coding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism do fluorescent lamps use to produce light?

<p>Excitation of electrons in an ionized gas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of wrapping tape at 75% of its width?

<p>To provide effective insulation protection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the CRI of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs)?

<p>Poor CRI values. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a component of a Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL)?

<p>A tungsten filament. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the latch in an MCB?

<p>To stop the current flow in the circuit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy dissipation characteristic of incandescent bulbs?

<p>More than 95% dissipated as heat. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of MCB is designed to protect a single phase and neutral?

<p>Double-pole MCB (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common application for fluorescent lamps?

<p>Widely used in commercial buildings and offices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For room one with a total load of 7.5 amperes, which MCB should be selected?

<p>10 ampere MCB (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common unit of measurement in radiometry?

<p>Watts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many switches are found in a three-pole MCB?

<p>Three switches (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which unit measures luminous flux?

<p>Lumen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is luminous efficacy defined?

<p>Luminous flux per watt of electrical power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following applications is least likely to use an MCB?

<p>Automotive wiring systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of MCB would be most suitable for a facility with an unbalanced circuit?

<p>Four-pole MCB (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which device is used to measure luminous flux?

<p>Lumen meter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What wavelength corresponds to the highest sensitivity of human eyes?

<p>555 nm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An electrical fuse is primarily used to protect against what?

<p>Excessive current (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum rated ampere for commercial MCBs mentioned?

<p>6 amps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is luminous efficiency expressed in?

<p>Percentage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What material coats the inside of a photometric integrating sphere?

<p>Barium sulphate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic does the fiber in a photometric integrating sphere have?

<p>Maintains temperature uniformity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key components are necessary for constructing a fluorescent tube light?

<p>Lime glass tube, mercury, argon gas, phosphor coating (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of LED light bulbs over other types of lighting?

<p>High luminous efficacy and low power consumption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fan speed regulator works by providing taps on a wire wound resistor?

<p>Resistive regulator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of phase angle-controlled regulators?

<p>Produces a humming sound and causes EMI/RFI interference (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does an inductive regulator achieve speed variation in a fan?

<p>By varying the inductive reactance through tapping on the transformer's winding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT required for the setup of a fluorescent lamp?

<p>PN Junction Diode (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to the inefficiency of resistive regulators in fan speed control?

<p>Considerable power loss as heat at lower speeds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle do LEDs operate on to emit light?

<p>Electro-luminescence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Staircase wiring

Electrical wiring for a staircase using 2-way switches.

Bed switch wiring

Electrical wiring for a bed using 1-way switches.

LT MCBs

Low Tension Miniature Circuit Breakers used for safety.

Electrical Symbols

Standard graphical representations of electrical components.

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Bill of materials

List of all necessary electrical materials needed for a project.

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Lumen

A unit that measures the luminous flux of a light source.

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Electrical Wiring

Connecting electrical components to create a circuit or system.

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SWG Cables

Different types of wires for electrical wiring.

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MCB

A safety device that cuts off current flow if there's too much current in an electrical circuit.

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Single-Pole MCB

A circuit breaker that protects one phase of a circuit.

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Double-Pole MCB

Protects two phases and associated neutral in a circuit.

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3-pole MCB

A circuit breaker that protects three phases of an electrical system.

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MCB Amp Ratings

A measure of the amount of current an MCB can handle before shutting off the circuit.

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Electrical Fuse

A safety device that melts and breaks a circuit if the current gets too high.

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Circuit Breaker Selection

Choosing the right MCB amperage based on the expected current used.

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4-pole MCB

Circuit breaker protecting the three phases plus the neutral wire; used for unbalanced circuits.

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Incandescent Bulb Filament

The wire inside an incandescent light bulb that glows when electricity passes through it.

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Incandescent Bulb Material

Tungsten is the material used for the filament in incandescent light bulbs due to its high melting point.

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Fluorescent Lamp Type

A type of gas discharge lamp that produces light when electricity passes through ionized gas inside.

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CFL Component: Phosphor

The inner coating of a CFL that converts ultraviolet light into visible light.

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CFL Energy Efficiency

CFLs generally use less energy than incandescent bulbs to produce the same amount of light.

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Incandescent Bulb CRI

Incandescent bulbs have a Color Rendering Index (CRI) almost equal to 100.

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CFL CRI

CFLs have lower Color Rendering Index (CRI) values.

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CFL Ballast

An electronic circuit needed for a CFL to regulate the flow of electricity and operate correctly.

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Fluorescent Tube Light Components

A fluorescent tube light uses a lime glass tube, mercury, argon gas, phosphor coating, electrodes, two bases, a choke coil, and a starter.

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LED Light Bulb: Principle

LEDs are semiconductor PN junction diodes that emit light when forward biased, using electro-luminescence.

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Resistive Fan Regulator

A common fan speed regulator that works by using different taps on a wire-wound resistor to provide varying resistance and control fan speed.

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Phase Angle-Controlled Regulator

A fan speed regulator that controls fan speed by varying the firing angle of a TRIAC to change voltage across the fan motor.

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Inductive Fan Regulator

A fan speed regulator that varies the inductive reactance by changing the number of turns in an inductance coil, affecting fan speed.

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LED Cost

Initially expensive, LED light bulbs have become cheaper and more widely available over time.

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LED Advantages

LEDs offer high luminous efficacy (lumens per watt), low power consumption, and long lifespan.

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LED Applications

LED lights are used in various settings including offices, commercial spaces, street lighting, automotive industries, hospitals, railways, and stadiums.

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Insulation Wrapping Rule

Wrap electrical tape at least two half-layers or one-and-a-half times the wire insulation thickness, whichever is greater. Tape should be thicker than the insulation for extra protection.

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Cable Construction

Power cables contain multiple electrical conductors grouped together in a protective sheath.

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Cable Types: XLPE

High Tension (HT) cables using Cross-linked Poly Ethylene insulation.

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Cable Types: PVC

Polyvinyl Chloride insulation used for Low Tension (LT) cables in applications below 1.1kV.

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Low Tension Cables

Electrical cables with voltage levels below 1.1kV, used in domestic and industrial settings.

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Cable Voltage Classification

Cable voltage depends solely on the insulation material's rating.

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Effective Tape Wrapping

Wrap tape between 75% of its width and right before the breaking point to maximize protection and durability.

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Cable Naming Convention

Cables are categorized by their construction, voltage levels (LT/HT), and material used to create them.

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Radiant Flux

The rate at which radiant energy is emitted, transferred, or received.

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Radiance

The power emitted per unit area, per unit solid angle.

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Luminous Flux

The rate of light energy perceived by the human eye.

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Photometry

The branch of radiometry concerned with how humans perceive light.

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Luminous Efficacy

The ratio of luminous flux to power.

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Luminous Efficiency

Percentage of radiant energy perceived as light by the human eye.

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Photometric Integrating Sphere

A device to measure the light output of a lamp by reflecting light and measuring the diffuse light.

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Electromagnetic Spectrum

Range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, from radio waves to gamma rays.

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Study Notes

Laboratory Manual

  • Course: Skill Enhancement Course (1st Semester)
  • Laboratory: Electrical Workshop (SEC 1)
  • Part: I
  • Department: Electrical Engineering
  • University: Delhi Technological University
  • Date: August 2023

List of Experiments (Part I)

  • Experiment 1: Prepare a single line circuit diagram for staircase wiring using 2-way switches, bill of materials, build up electrical wiring on a wooden board, and evaluate the total cost including fixtures.
  • Experiment 2: Prepare a single line circuit diagram for bed switch wiring using 1-way switches, bill of materials, build up electrical wiring on a wooden board, and evaluate the total cost including fixtures.
  • Experiment 3: Study various Low Tension (LT) MCBs, fuses, switches, lamps (LED tube light, bulbs, regulators, electrical fixtures, variac), and explore their limitations.
  • Experiment 4: Study different types of LT conductors and SWG cables.
  • Experiment 5: Measure the lumen of various lamps.

Electrical Symbols

  • A list of electrical symbols with their names and corresponding symbols is included. The table lists symbols for electrical wires, connected/disconnected wires, switches, relays, jumpers, various resistor types, potentiometers, and more. Each symbol has a corresponding number in the table.

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Electrical Lab Manual PDF - Delhi Technological University

Description

This laboratory manual for the Skill Enhancement Course covers various experiments in the Electrical Workshop. Students will learn to create circuit diagrams, evaluate costs, and study components such as MCBs and conductors. This hands-on experience is crucial for understanding foundational electrical engineering concepts.

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