Questions and Answers
Which statement accurately describes the characteristics of transmission lines?
What voltage level is characteristic of Tulsa's transmission lines?
Where can transmission lines be found?
How can one identify transmission lines?
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What role do transmission lines serve in the electrical system?
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What is the maximum voltage that the distribution lines can carry?
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Which material is NOT mentioned as being used for distribution lines?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the coating on the distribution wires?
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In what type of neighborhoods are the buried distribution lines predominantly found?
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Which type of wire configuration can be used for distribution lines?
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What is the primary function of substations within an electrical distribution system?
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Why are substations typically fenced-in areas?
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What aspect of voltage is highlighted regarding substations?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a substation?
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In the context of the electrical power system, what is the significance of voltage reduction at substations?
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Which type of transformers are designed specifically to reduce voltage for consumer use?
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What is a significant hazard associated with subsurface transformers?
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When will TFD personnel enter underground vaults to combat fires?
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Which of the following transformer types is NOT explicitly mentioned as being aerial or pad mounted?
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What common factor is shared by aerial and pad mounted transformers?
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What is the primary function of the service connection in the distribution system?
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Which type of wiring is most commonly used for service connections in residential structures?
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How many wires in the triplex wiring carry voltage, and what is their voltage rating?
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Through which structure does the service connection typically enter a residential building?
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What protects the service wires as they enter a structure?
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What is the primary cause of step potential risk when walking near a downed energized wire?
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Which of the following actions is recommended if a responder finds themselves in a step potential situation?
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What factor does NOT affect the extent of the grounded field near a downed wire?
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In which scenario would a responder MOST likely experience tingling sensations in their feet?
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What is the main characteristic of ground gradient related to electrical hazards?
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What precaution should be taken when responding to a manhole that is smoking or on fire?
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Where can one find the manual for the Wilbur TAC stick?
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Under what circumstances should the TAC stick be used?
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What should happen before TFD enters a manhole to fight a fire?
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Which of the following is not true regarding manholes?
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What happens to an electrical wire during installation when it is unrolled from a cable spool?
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How many times can a recloser attempt to restore a circuit after it initially opens due to a fault?
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What should be considered when checking a downed wire?
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What is the potential hazard when an object falls on a wire under extreme tension?
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What is the function of a recloser or line restorer?
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Within the city limits of Tulsa what is the percentage of underground distribution lines from PSO?
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Study Notes
Electrical System Overview in Tulsa
- Transmission lines transport electricity up to 345,000 volts, primarily from generation sites to substations.
- Transmission lines can be identified by having at least six insulators and may be located within city limits, supported by towers or poles.
- Substations, fenced areas, reduce voltage for distribution; they serve as critical nodes in the electrical system.
Distribution Lines
- PSO maintains around 35% of distribution lines below grade within city limits, primarily in new residential areas and apartment complexes.
- Distribution lines carry voltages up to 34,500 volts and are typically made of copper, aluminum, or aluminum-coated steel.
- Insulating-looking coatings on distribution wires protect against wear and corrosion but are not actual insulation.
Transformers
- Transformers reduce voltage to a usable level for customers; they can be aerial, pad-mounted, or subsurface, the latter often located in vaults.
- Responders face hazards when dealing with subsurface transformers, particularly in confined spaces; TFD personnel require PSO presence for safety in emergency situations.
Service Connections
- Service connections are the final part of the distribution system, delivering power to customers.
- Wiring typically enters residential structures through a weatherhead or conduit, often using triplex wiring (three wires twisted together) carrying 120 volts and one neutral wire.
Electrical Hazards
Ground Gradient
- Downed energized wires create a ground current and a hazard zone where voltage potential decreases concentrically from the point of contact.
- Ground moisture and voltage determine the extent of the energized field, which can extend several feet and pose risks.
Step Potential
- Step potential occurs when responders walk near downed wires, creating a circuit with differing voltages, increasing shock risk.
- Tingling sensations or severe injuries can result from contact; responders should keep feet together and hop away from hazardous areas.
Cable Installation Considerations
- Electrical wire has a "reel memory," tending to recoil towards its original winding direction during installation, which can be dangerous if under tension due to fallen objects.
Line Restoration Technology
- Reclosers automatically detect problems in downed lines, attempting reconnection multiple times before needing manual reset; maintain caution while testing with a TAC Stick as circuits may appear inactive yet become re-energized.
Manholes Safety
- Manholes serve as splice points for PSO wires and are considered confined spaces; explosions can cause covers to be ejected.
- TFD will not respond to manhole incidents without PSO present due to potential dangers.
TAC Stick Guidelines
- The TAC stick manual, accessible through the Intranet, provides operation and limitation guidance; it is essential for any company responding to downed electrical lines.
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Description
This quiz explores the intricacies of Tulsa's electrical system, focusing on the transmission lines that carry high voltage electricity. Examine the infrastructure that supports these crucial components of energy delivery and their role within urban limits. Test your knowledge on strategic and tactical considerations involved in managing electrical systems.