Electrical Safety in the Operating Room (OR) - Principles and Definitions
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Questions and Answers

What is the minimum current required to cause Ventricular Fibrillation?

  • 1000 microamps
  • 100 microamps (correct)
  • 1 microamp
  • 10 microamps

    • What is the effect of a 10 milliamp current on a human?

  • Muscle lock
  • V-Fib
  • Maximal harmless current (correct)
  • Pain and possible loss of consciousness

    • What is the minimum current required for direct contact with the heart to cause ventricular fibrillation?

  • 100 microamps (correct)
  • 10 milliamps
  • 1 milliamp
  • 100 milliamps

    • What is the maximum recommended leakage current?

    <p>10 microamps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an isolation transformer?

    <p>To supply sensitive equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why don't birds on power lines normally get shocked?

    <p>Because they are not part of an electrical circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between macroshock and microshock?

    <p>Macroshock involves large current flows, microshock involves small current flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum leakage current allowed in Operating Room equipment?

    <p>10 microamps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a 50 milliamp current on a human?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency of AC current that is considered more dangerous?

    <p>60 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is AC current at 60 Hz considered more dangerous than DC current?

    <p>Because it can excite contractile cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the current above which sustained muscular contraction occurs?

    <p>Let-go current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required to receive an electrical shock?

    <p>Contact with both a high-voltage source and a grounded object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for current that leaks out of an intended circuit and flows through some alternate path?

    <p>Leakage current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of electricity?

    <p>The flow of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a conductor?

    <p>Any substance that permits the flow of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a DC circuit and an AC circuit?

    <p>DC circuits have electrons flowing in one direction, while AC circuits have electrons flowing in both directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for voltage?

    <p>Volts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate voltage?

    <p>V = I x R</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resistance of a circuit that requires a voltage of 100V to produce a current of 100mA?

    <p>100000 Ohms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the analogy used to describe the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance?

    <p>Water flow analogy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resistance of a circuit with a voltage of 100 volts and a current of 0.1 amps?

    <p>1000 ohms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for blood pressure in terms of cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance?

    <p>BP = CO x SVR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a capacitor in electrical circuits?

    <p>To store charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the unintended transfer of current to non-target tissue through intact insulation during a laparoscopic procedure?

    <p>Capacitive coupling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to beware of nose rings and other jewelry during surgical procedures?

    <p>They can cause electrical shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of electrical shock injuries or deaths?

    <p>When voltage pushes electrons through the human body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the cause of a 2014 surgical blaze, according to a report by the state Health Department?

    <p>A communications failure between the surgeon and anesthesiologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an isolation transformer?

    <p>To protect secondary circuits and individuals from electrical shocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Line Isolation Monitor?

    <p>To monitor the current flow from the isolated power supply to the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum harmless current that triggers an alarm in a Line Isolation Monitor?

    <p>5 mA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency range of electric currents used in electrocautery devices?

    <p>0.1-3 Megahertz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of bipolar electrocautery?

    <p>It does not return a grounding pad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the return electrode in monopolar electrocautery?

    <p>To return current from the wound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using a large surface area return electrode in electrocautery?

    <p>It decreases the risk of burns at the current point of exit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the element in electrocautery devices?

    <p>Hot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of electrocautery devices on monitors?

    <p>They cause electrical interference with the monitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of electrocautery in surgery?

    <p>It is excellent for pinpoint hemostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an isolation transformer in an operating room?

    <p>To protect secondary circuits and individuals from electrical shocks between energized conductors and earth ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Line Isolation Monitor in an operating room?

    <p>To monitor the potential for current flow from the isolated power supply to the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the return electrode in monopolar electrocautery?

    <p>It is attached to the patient's skin at a location away from the surgical site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using bipolar electrocautery?

    <p>It does not require a return electrode attached to the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency range of electric currents used in electrocautery devices?

    <p>0.1-3 Megahertz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum harmless current that triggers an alarm in a Line Isolation Monitor?

    <p>5 mA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the large surface area return electrode in electrocautery?

    <p>To reduce the risk of electrical shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the element in electrocautery devices that is hot during use?

    <p>The active electrode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the Line Isolation Monitor alarm sounds?

    <p>The last piece of equipment should be disconnected and inspected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between bipolar and monopolar electrocautery?

    <p>The presence of a return electrode attached to the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

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