Questions and Answers
Electrical ______ can transmit the flow of energy.
Conductors
A substance with low pH is considered to be ______.
acidic
Ductility is the ability of a material to be stretched and converted into ______.
thin wires
The ______ point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes from liquid to gas.
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______ occurs when a material is gradually destroyed by a chemical reaction.
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Materials that prevent the flow of energy are known as ______.
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Elasticity is the tendency of a material to return to its original ______ after being stretched.
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Solubility describes the ability of a substance to be ______ in a solvent.
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Elasticity is the tendency of a material to return to its original form after being ______.
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Corrosiveness leads to gradual destruction by a chemical reaction, often involving strong ______.
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A physical property is measured without changing a substance's chemical ______.
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An intensive property is independent of the amount of a ______.
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An extensive property is dependent on the amount of a ______.
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Chemical properties are measured only by changing a substance's ______.
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The classification of properties of matter includes both ______ and physical properties.
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The distinction between intensive and extensive properties is based on their dependency on the amount of ______.
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Study Notes
Properties of Matter
Electrical Properties
- Electrical Conductors: Materials that efficiently transmit energy due to freely moving electrons, facilitating quick thermal energy transfer.
- Electrical Insulators: Materials that restrict energy flow by preventing electron movement.
Density
- Determined by temperature and pressure; measured at 0°C and 1 atmosphere.
- Higher density occurs in substances with smaller, heavier atoms packed closely together.
Acidity and Basicity
- Acidity: Characterized by higher concentrations of hydrogen ions (low pH) in acidic solutions.
- Basicity: Defined by lower concentrations of hydroxide ions (high pH) in basic solutions.
Flammability
- Depends on the chemical composition; a higher carbon content typically increases flammability.
Reactivity
- Reflects a substance's potential to undergo chemical reactions and release energy.
- Reactive substances can be hazardous under conditions of heat, pressure, shock, or contact with air or water.
Malleability and Ductility
- Malleability: The ability to be shaped into thin sheets without breaking.
- Ductility: The ability to stretch into thin wires under stress.
Solubility
- The capacity of a substance (solute) to dissolve in another substance (solvent).
Boiling and Melting Points
- Boiling Point: The temperature at which a liquid transitions into a gas.
- Melting Point: The temperature at which a solid transitions into a liquid.
Polarity
- Refers to how atoms bond covalently, impacting solubility, boiling/melting points, and intermolecular attraction.
Elasticity
- The tendency of a material to return to its original shape after deformation.
Corrosiveness
- The gradual destructive effect of chemical reactions, often caused by strong acids, oxidizers, and bases.
Types of Properties
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Physical Properties: Measured without altering a substance's chemical identity; further divided into:
- Intensive Properties: Independent of the amount of substance (e.g., density, boiling point).
- Extensive Properties: Dependent on the amount of substance (e.g., mass, volume).
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Chemical Properties: Only determined by changing the substance's identity through chemical reactions.
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Description
Test your understanding of electrical conductors and insulators, including their properties and behaviors. This quiz also covers the concept of density and its dependence on temperature and pressure. Challenge yourself with questions about materials that transmit and prevent energy flow.
