Electrical Components Quiz

Study Notes

Battery: Provides a source of electrical energy. Represented by two parallel lines, one longer than the other.
Switch: Used to control the flow of electricity, allowing it to pass through or break the circuit. Represented by a circle with a line for the arm.
Bulb: Light-emitting device that converts electrical energy into light. Represented by a circle with a loop at the top.
Resistor: Component that limits the flow of current. Represented by a line with a zig-zag.
Variable Resistor: Allows the resistance to be adjusted. Represented by a resistor symbol with an arrow through it.
LDR (Light Dependent Resistor): The resistance changes depending on the intensity of light. Represented by a rectangular with an arrow pointing in.
Meter: A device used to measure electrical quantities like voltage or current. Represented by a circle with an "M" inside.
Diode: Allows current to flow in one direction only. Represented by a triangle with a line pointing to the tip.
Ammeter: Measures the flow of current. Represented by a circle with an "A" inside.
LPE LED (Light-Emitting Diode): A diode that emits visible light. Represented by a diode symbol, with an arrow pointing to the right that indicates the direction of light emission.
NPN Transistor: A semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals. Represented by an arrow symbol for the emitter, a base, and a collector.

AND Gate: Output is only 'on' when all inputs are 'on'.
- Symbol: Represented by a rectangle with inputs A and B, and output Z = A*B.
- Truth Table:
  - A = open, B = open, Z = open
  - A = open, B = closed, Z = closed
  - A = closed, B = open, Z = closed
  - A = closed, B = closed, Z = closed
OR Gate: Output is 'on' when at least one input is 'on'.
- Symbol: Represented by a rectangle with inputs A and B, and output Z = A + B.
- Truth Table:
  - A = open, B = open, Z = open
  - A = open, B = closed, Z = open
  - A = closed, B = open, Z = open
  - A = closed, B = closed, Z = closed

Thermosets: Hardened plastics that cannot be reshaped or remolded once heated.
- High temperature resistance
- Strong and stable
- Ideal for applications requiring high strength and stability
Thermoplastics: Can be repeatedly softened by heating and solidified by cooling.
- Can be reshaped and remolded
- Recyclable

Iron Oxide (Rust): Forms when iron or steel combines with oxygen and water.
Corrosion: The reaction of oxygen with metal, causing decay.
Galvanizing: A process that coats metal with zinc to prevent corrosion. It's effective because zinc is more reactive than iron and creates a protective barrier.

Painting: Creates a protective layer on the surface to prevent corrosion. Primer is often used before painting to improve the durability and longevity of the paint.
Galvanizing: Coating a metal with zinc to prevent corrosion. Zinc is more reactive than iron and forms a protective corrosion-resistant layer. You can identify galvanized objects by their shiny silvery-grey surface.