18 Questions
What is an Extended Range EV primarily powered by?
An electric motor and a small internal combustion engine
What is the primary risk related to Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs)?
Thermal runaway
What is the purpose of regenerative braking in a Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle?
To capture energy during deceleration and store it in the batteries
What is the definition of an Electric Vehicle (EV)?
A vehicle powered by an electric motor that draws electricity from a battery
What is an Energy Storage System (ESS)?
A battery or group of batteries assembled to store energy
What type of vehicle is a Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle?
A vehicle that is powered by both an electric motor and an internal combustion engine
How many types of Energy Storage Systems (ESS) are there?
4
What is the trend of the use of LIBs as a source of power for consumer vehicles and/or large fleet vehicles?
Growing exponentially
What is one of the hazards associated with damaged batteries?
Thermal runaway
What is a potential risk when responding to electric vehicle fires?
Electrical shock
Why should responders wear full PPE when working in a controlled area?
To protect against toxic gases
What can occur when a Lithium-Ion Battery (LIB) ruptures?
It disperses toxic flammable gases
What should responders do when arriving at an electric vehicle fire?
Chock the wheels and turn off the vehicle
What is a characteristic of electric vehicle fires?
They produce toxic fumes
What is a common issue with electric vehicle fires?
They can re-ignite unexpectedly
Why should responders not touch the service plug?
It may be connected to the EV battery
What type of fires can occur in electric vehicles?
Multiple classes of fires
What is the purpose of an emergency cut loop in electric vehicles?
To disconnect the battery from the vehicle
Study Notes
Electric Vehicles (EVs)
- Defined as vehicles powered by an electric motor that draws electricity from a battery, which can be charged from an external source
- Includes both all-electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles
Types of Electric Vehicles
- Extended Range EV: has a small internal combustion engine to generate additional electric power
- Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle: battery is recharged by regenerative braking or a plug-in charging station
Thermal Runaway
- A phenomenon in which a lithium-ion cell enters an uncontrollable, self-heating state
- Can result in dispersion of gases, ejection of shrapnel and particulates, fire, and deflagration
Energy Storage Systems (ESS)
- A battery or group of batteries assembled to store energy to supply electrical energy at a later time
- Four types: walk-in container systems, outdoor cabinet, indoor facility, and large and small vehicle batteries
Hazards of Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs)
- May rupture and disperse toxic flammable gases and explode violently when ignited
- Hazards include thermal conditions, physical damage, and electrical issues
- Produce flammable and toxic gases, including hydrogen fluoride and phosphorus pentafluoride
- Can re-ignite unexpectedly, even after all visible fire has been extinguished
Safety Considerations for Responders
- Always wear full PPE, including SCBA, when working in a controlled area
- Ensure vehicle is in park and turned off, and chock the wheels
- Avoid touching the service plug, which poses a high risk of electrocution
- Be aware of multiple classes of fires, including Class A, B, C, and D
- Risks for responders include electrical shock, high temperatures, toxic fumes, lithium burns, toxic runoff, and re-ignition
Learn about electric vehicles, their definition, and types, including extended range EVs and plug-in hybrid EVs.
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