Electric Motor Power Experiment
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Questions and Answers

Describe an experiment that you could perform that will allow you to determine the power of an electric motor.

Take sufficient results that will allow you to plot a graph of work done against time graph from which the power can be determined.

What is the independent variable in this experiment?

The weight being pulled.

What are the controlled variables in this experiment?

Distance, height, motor settings, and voltage.

Explain how to measure the mass.

<p>Using a mass balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how to calculate weight.

<p>Using $w = mass \times gravity$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how to measure the length of string.

<p>Using ruler.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how to measure the time taken for the weight to travel the measured distance.

<p>Using stopwatch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many times should you repeat the experiment?

<p>Repeat 3 times and calculate average time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain what a graph of work vs time and power will show.

<p>A graph of work vs time and power will be gradient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential risk of tripping?

<p>Fall down stairs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you minimize the risk of tripping?

<p>Tie your shoe laces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential risk of falling over?

<p>Fall from height.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential risk of sore muscles?

<p>Cramps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you minimize the risk of cramps?

<p>Stretch before activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible sources of error in this experiment?

<p>Poorly constructed steps = varying height.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you make the measurement of personal power more accurate?

<p>Find an average height of steps, or measure total height of staircase with tape measure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List apparatus required for measuring personal power.

<p>Stopwatch, ruler, and mass balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What equation should you use to calculate power?

<p>$p = \frac{w}{t}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

State the equation for calculating power

<p>$P = \frac{W}{t}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the equation for power, what does 'W' stand for?

<p>Work Done (J).</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you define power?

<p>The rate of doing work, or work done per unit time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy chain for hydroelectric power?

<p>Kinetic -&gt; electrical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy chain for geothermal energy?

<p>Gravitational potential -&gt; kinetic -&gt; electrical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy chain for solar energy?

<p>Light -&gt; electrical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What energy source spoils coastlines?

<p>Wave power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 3 advantages are there to using hydroelectric power?

<p>Reliable, No polluting gases made, and No fuel cost.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy chain for nuclear fuel?

<p>Chemical → heat → kinetic → electrical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two renewable energy resources?

<p>Solar and Hydroelectric.</p> Signup and view all the answers

State 3 different things that electricity is produced from.

<p>Fossil fuels, Nuclear fuel, and Biomass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Input energy is always at the top right with an arrow head.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The useful output energy is always to the top right with an arrow head.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The wasted energy is always at the bottom right pointing down with an arrow head.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define kinetic energy.

<p>Energy an object has because it is moving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define electrical energy.

<p>Energy an object has because it has been stretched.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If objects are packed very close together, they?

<p>Vibrate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When you cool a gas, the particles move?

<p>Closer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When heat is added, the particles that are solid and heated convert the?

<p>Heat energy and to start to vibrate more vigorously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The volume of water displaced is equal to the?

<p>Volume of the object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is used to measure the aluminum block?

<p>Mass balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the density of water?

<p>1g/cm^3 or 1000kg/m^3.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hooke's Law states what the extension experienced by a spring is?

<p>Directly proportional to the force applied provided the limits of proportionality are not exceeded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

As the force increases what is the extension?

<p>Extension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The clamp could what to the table?

<p>Retort to desk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the independent variable?

<p>Force applied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does mass depend on?

<p>It is unaffected by gravity, so the mass of an object never changes as it is moved from planet to planet (unless part of it goes missing for some reason).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mass is measured in.

<p>Kilograms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

On Earth, what is the value of 'g'?

<p>10 N/kg or 10 m/s^2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The density of a material can be defined as the ______ per unit of _______.

<p>mass, volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for density?

<p>D = m ÷ V</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where D = _______.

<p>Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

The density of water is _____ g/cm³.

<p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an object is more dense than water it will _______.

<p>sink</p> Signup and view all the answers

1 ml = 1 cm³

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

1000 ml = 1 litre

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe method 1 for measuring density

<p>Measure the initial volume of water using a measuring cylinder. Measure the mass of the objects using a mass balance. Fully submerge the object. Measure the final volume of the water + block using a measuring cylinder. Calculate the objects volume by using Final volume-Initial volume. Calculate the density using D=m÷V (Density = mass ÷ volume).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mass is unaffected by gravity, so the mass of an object never changes as it is moved from planet to planet (unless part of it goes missing for some reason)

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mass of an object is defined as _______.

<p>the amount of matter in a body</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mass is measured in ________ using a ________.

<p>kilograms, mass balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Weight is ________.

<p>the gravitational pull pulling an object to the centre of earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Weight is measured in _________ using a ________.

<p>Newtons, spring balance/Newton metre</p> Signup and view all the answers

On Earth g = _________ N/kg or _________ m/s².

<p>10, 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight equation?

<p>W=mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'W' stand for in the weight equation?

<p>weight in Newtons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Experiment: Investigate the relationship between _________ and _________.

<p>mass, weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

As mass increases, ________ increases. The weight is approximately ________x bigger than the mass.

<p>weight, 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the method for Investigating the relationship between mass and weight.

<p>Measure the mass using a mass balance. Measure the weight using a spring balance. Repeat for various objects / masses</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hooke's Law states that the extension experienced by a spring is directly proportional to the force applied provided the _________ of proportionality is not exceeded.

<p>limit</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Hooke's Law as an equation?

<p>F = ke</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'F' stand for in the Hooke's Law equation?

<p>force applied (N)</p> Signup and view all the answers

State one factor you kept the same in your investigation and explain how this helped to make a fair test.

<p>The material of the spring because to have a valid experiment only one variable is changed, at a time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The gradient of a force-extension graph is the _________.

<p>spring constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'proportionality' refer to?

<p>A relationship between two quantities where one changes consistently with the other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When calculating the spring constant from a graph such as the one shown you must only take values from the __________ of the best fit line.

<p>straight part</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give two possible risks for the spring extension experiment, and what action should be taken to minimise these.

<p>Retort stand could topple over and and hit head or upper body: Use a G Clamp to clamp retort stand to desk. Spring could snap and hit eye or cut skin: don’t overload spring and wear safety glasses. Falling mass could crush toes: Hang mass over desk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In liquids the particles are are close together but not as close as they are in solids. They can move ________ in any direction and are not fixed in ________.

<p>freely, position</p> Signup and view all the answers

The forces of attraction are still quite strong but again not as string as in _________.

<p>solids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Liquids have a ___________ density.

<p>medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

In gases the particles are very far apart with large _________ between.

<p>distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

The stability of an object can be increased by: Lower the ________ and widen the ________.

<p>centre of gravity, base</p> Signup and view all the answers

The gradient = change in y ÷ change in x or _______.

<p>Δy ÷ Δx</p> Signup and view all the answers

Improvements should always be _________ to the experiment performed.

<p>specific</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to theory, the relationship between the mass of a body, m and the volume, V is given by:

<p>m=DV</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mass directly proportional to volume, as straight line through origin, _________ as volume doubles.

<p>mass doubles</p> Signup and view all the answers

A lever is an example of a simple machine which helps us do what more easily?

<p>work</p> Signup and view all the answers

Moments = force x _________ to pivot

<p>distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

The moment of a force it The ________ of a force

<p>turning effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the card be able to do in step 3 of Finding the C.O.G. of an irregularly shaped lamina experiment?

<p>SWING FREELY</p> Signup and view all the answers

List 3 types of energy with an example of its definition.

<p>Magnetic - when there is a magnetic force between two objects. Kinetic - energy an object has because it is moving. Heat/Thermal - given off by anything above absolute zero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mass

The amount of matter in a body, measured in kilograms (kg).

Weight

The gravitational pull on an object, measured in Newtons (N).

Weight Equation

W = mg, where W is weight (N), m is mass (kg), and g is gravitational acceleration (N/kg or m/s²).

Method (Experiment)

A step-by-step guide to performing an experiment, including materials and order of tasks.

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Hypothesis

A prediction of the outcome of an experiment, relating the independent and dependent variables.

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Independent variable

The variable that is changed or manipulated in an experiment.

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Dependent variable

The variable that is measured or observed in response to changes in the independent variable.

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Controlled variables

Variables that are kept the same during an experiment to ensure a fair test.

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Fair test

Only one variable is changed at a time.

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Gradient

The ratio of change in y to change in x on a graph: (Δy / Δx).

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Improvements (Experiment)

Specific changes to an experiment to improve accuracy or validity.

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Hooke's Law

The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied, as long as the limit of proportionality is not exceeded.

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Hooke's Law Equation

F = ke, where F is force (N), k is the spring constant (N/m), and e is extension (m).

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Spring constant (k)

The force (N) required to stretch a spring by 1 meter (m), measured in N/m.

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Density

The density of a material is its mass per unit volume.

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Density Equation

D = m / V, where D is density, m is mass, and V is volume.

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Density of Water

The density of water is 1 g/cm³ or 1000 kg/m³.

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Density of Irregular Objects Method

Measure initial volume, submerge object, measure final volume, calculate volume difference, and use D = m/V.

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Efficiency

The ratio of useful output energy to total input energy. (useful output/total input)

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Sankey Diagram

A visual representation of energy transformations, showing input, useful output, and wasted energy.

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Renewable Energy Resources

Resources that can be replenished within a human lifetime, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric.

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Non-renewable Energy Resources

Resources that cannot be easily replenished, such as coal, oil, and gas.

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Melting

When a solid is heated particles gain kinetic energy and break away from positions.

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Condensing

When a cooled gas particles move closer together decreasing the distance between them. Gas becomes liquid.

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Centre of Gravity (COG)

The point where all the weight of an object appears to act.

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Neutral equilibrium

An object will come to rest in same position after being displaced.

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Unstable equilibrium

An object will be in the least stable equilibrium if the centre of gravity is above the base.

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Stable equilibrium

An object is in the most stable equilibrium when the centre of gravity is low to the ground and the base is wide.

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Lever

A simple machine that multiplies force using a pivot or fulcrum.

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Principle of Moments

Equalizing force to balance.

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Gravitational Pull

The force that pulls objects towards the center of the Earth.

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Mass Balance

Using masses to compare an unknown mass

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Spring Balance

Measuring force exerted by a spring

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Writing a method

A step-by-step instructional guide for experiment.

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Writing Hypothesis

A prediction of what the results will be.

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Retort Stand

Vertical support to hold equipment.

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Clamp

Connect and secure something.

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Spring

A coiled object extend under force.

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Load

Mass applies force.

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Risk Assessment

To minimize risk.

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Moment of a Force

Turning effect of a force.

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Fulcrum

A pivot point.

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Energy

Ability to do work.

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Conservation of Energy

Energy cant be crated/destroyed..

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Kinetic Energy

Energy due to motion.

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Gravitational Potential

Energy from position relative to Earth

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Chemical Potential

Stored in bonds.

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Sound

Vibrations.

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Electrical

From electrons.

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Strained/Elastic Potential

Energy stretched.

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Nuclear

Internal atom.

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Renewable

Can be remade

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Non-Renewable

Cant be remade.

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Energy

Ability do work.

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Power

The rate of doing

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Moment

Pushing a door

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Work Done

Water wheel turn

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Study Notes

Density

  • Density of a material defined as mass per unit of volume
  • Density (D) = mass (m) / volume (V)
  • Memory triangle is a visual tool for density calculations
  • Density of water is 1 g/cm³ or 1000 kg/m³
  • Objects more dense than water sink, objects less dense float
  • 1 ml = 1 cm³ and 1000 ml = 1 litre

Experiment Method

  • Measure the beaker mass using a mass balance
  • Measure the mass containing water with mass balance
  • Calculate mass of water = mass of cylinder + water – mass of cylinder
  • Measure volume using a measuring cylinder
  • Repeat steps for various volumes

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Description

This experiment measures the power of an electric motor by plotting work done against time. The independent variable is the weight being pulled, and the dependent variable is the time taken. Controlled variables include distance, height, motor settings, voltage and current.

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