Electric Field of Infinite Sheet of Charge

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Questions and Answers

What is the physical quantity represented by the symbol σ in Gauss's law?

  • Electrical conductivity
  • Surface charge density (correct)
  • Electric flux
  • Electric field

What is the unit of measurement for the electric field E in Gauss's law?

  • N/C (correct)
  • J/C
  • C/N
  • V/m

What is the capacitance of a capacitor dependent on?

  • The shapes, dimensions, and separation of the conductors (correct)
  • The material of the conductors
  • Only the dimensions of the conductors
  • Only the shape of the conductors

What is the equivalent capacitance of a series combination of capacitors?

<p>Less than any individual capacitance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equivalent capacitance of a parallel combination of capacitors?

<p>The sum of the individual capacitances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for the electric flux?

<p>N m^2/C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physical quantity represented by the symbol εo?

<p>Permittivity of free space (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for the electric potential difference Vab?

<p>V (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physical quantity represented by the symbol Q in Gauss's law?

<p>Electric charge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for the distance d in the capacitance equation?

<p>m (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Gauss's Law

  • Gauss's law relates the distribution of electric charge to the resulting electric field
  • Total charge enclosed by a surface is Qencl = σA
  • Electric field of an infinite sheet of charge is given by Gauss's law

Electric Field of Oppositely Charged Parallel Plates

  • Two large plane parallel conducting plates with equal magnitude charges
  • Charges accumulate on opposing faces of the plates, with a small amount of charge on outer surfaces
  • Field is perpendicular to the plates, with a magnitude of E = σ/εo at points between the plates

Gauss's Law Applications

  • Gauss's law is valid for any distribution of charges and for any closed surface
  • Excess charges on a solid conductor reside on the surface, not in the interior
  • Examples of applying Gauss's law include:
    • Field of a charged conducting sphere
    • Electric flux through a rectangular plane

Capacitance and Dielectrics

  • A capacitor consists of two conductors separated by an insulator
  • Insulators include vacuum, air, dry wood, dry paper, and asbestos
  • Capacitance (C) is the proportionality constant between charge (Q) and potential difference (Vab): Q = CV
  • SI unit of capacitance is the farad

Parallel-Plate Capacitor in Vacuum

  • Electric field between parallel plates is essentially uniform
  • Charges on the plates are uniformly distributed over their opposing surfaces
  • Capacitance depends only on the shapes, dimensions, and separation of the conductors

Capacitors in Series and Parallel

  • Equivalent capacitance of capacitors in series is less than any individual capacitance
  • Equivalent capacitance of capacitors in parallel equals the sum of the individual capacitances

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