Electric Circuits and Heating

The systematic process of observing, investigating, and analyzing phenomena to understand the natural world.

The ability to use scientific knowledge and skills to solve problems and make informed decisions in everyday life.

A perspective that emphasizes the importance of protecting the environment and using resources sustainably.

The process of gaining understanding through direct experiences, questioning, and exploring.

The amount of heat produced by a device is measured in joules (J).

The resistance of a conductor is its opposition to the flow of electric current. A higher resistance means less current will flow.

The power (P) is calculated as the product of voltage (V) and current (I) in a circuit. The unit of power is Watts (W).

The heat energy generated by a device is directly proportional to the square of the voltage (V) and the time(t) for which the current flows. It is also inversely proportional to the resistance (R).

The brightness of a bulb indicates the amount of heat and light energy produced. This is a measure of power.

A circuit with resistors connected in series has the same current flowing through each resistor. The total resistance is the sum of individual resistances.

A circuit with resistors connected in parallel has the same voltage across each resistor. The total resistance is less than the smallest individual resistance.

The flow of electricity is measured as the amount of charge passing through a point in a conductor in a given time. The unit of current is Ampere (A).

The fuse wire melts when the current flowing through it exceeds the permissible limit.

The fuse wire is designed to melt and break the circuit before excessive current can damage appliances or cause a fire.

The current passing through different circuits is not the same. It varies based on the appliance's power requirement.

Ensure the ends of the fuse wire are securely connected to the appropriate points in the circuit. Make sure the fuse wire is completely inside the fuse holder and not protruding.

It indicates the power rating of the appliance, which is the rate at which it consumes electrical energy. The higher the wattage, the more power the appliance uses.

Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is consumed. It is calculated by dividing the total work done by the time taken.

The unit of power is the Watt (W), named after the Scottish engineer James Watt.

The formula P = W/t represents the relationship between Power, Work (W), and Time (t).

Fleming's Right Hand Rule is a method used to determine the direction of the induced current in a conductor moving perpendicular to a magnetic field.

The current produced by a battery is unidirectional (flows in one direction) and has a consistent magnitude.

The current produced by an alternating current source changes direction periodically, constantly switching back and forth.

The phenomenon where a changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF) in a conductor, leading to the flow of induced current.

The amount of magnetic field lines passing through a given area.

The voltage produced in a conductor due to electromagnetic induction.

The current flowing through a conductor due to electromagnetic induction.

The direction of induced current is determined by Lenz's Law, which states that the induced current opposes the change in magnetic flux.

The induced EMF is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.

The factors affecting the magnitude of the induced EMF include the number of turns in the coil, the rate of change of magnetic flux, and the area of the coil.

The strength of a magnetic field produced by a current-carrying coil depends on the number of turns in the coil and the amount of current flowing through it. More turns and higher current create a stronger magnetic field.

The distance from a current-carrying coil where the magnetic field becomes negligible. This point marks the boundary of the magnetic field around the coil.

A line drawn perpendicular to the axis of a current-carrying coil, passing through the center of the coil. This line represents the direction of the magnetic field lines.

When a compass needle aligns itself with a magnetic field, it indicates the direction of the magnetic field lines at that location.

A current-carrying circular conductor placed vertically in a North-South direction creates a magnetic field around it in the East-West direction.

The process of finding the points on either side of the coil where the magnetic field weakens to the point of being negligible. This helps to identify the effective range of the coil's magnetic field.

A device used to detect and measure the strength and direction of magnetic fields. It consists of a needle that aligns with the magnetic field lines.

The magnetic field's strength decreases as the distance from the current-carrying coil increases. The field becomes weaker farther away from the coil.