25 Questions
What is the most common elbow fracture in kids involving the distal portion of the humerus?
Fracture of Distal Humerus (Supracondylar)
What is the characteristic X-ray finding in a Trauma-related fracture that presents with 'Sail's sign'?
Lateral view
Which treatment option is preferred for a Type III radial head fracture?
Surgical fixation (pins)
What is the common term for a condition where the radial head slips partially out of the annular ligament causing significant pain?
Radial Head Subluxation
Which type of fracture should be treated with early ROM exercise and a sling for 3-5 days?
Type I Radial Head Fracture
What is another term for Medial Epicondylitis due to a repetition injury at the medial elbow?
Golfer's Elbow
What is the most common cause of posterior elbow pain according to the text?
Fracture of the Olecranon
Which condition is characterized by swelling within the olecranon bursa leading to limiting symptoms?
Olecranon Bursitis
What conservative approach is suggested for managing lateral elbow pain due to repetitive wrist extension?
Adapt mechanism if possible
Which action is advised if concerned about an infection related to posterior elbow pain?
Aspirate and test sample
What is a common test mentioned for confirming lateral epicondylitis?
+Tinel's EMG/NCS
In what timeframe does surgical reattachment/repair provide the best results for a posterior elbow muscle tear?
1-2 weeks post injury
What is a common etiology of anterior elbow pain?
Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture
Which condition may present with pain, swelling, and effusion in the elbow?
Traumatic OA
What is a common special test used for diagnosing septic joint in the elbow?
Aspiration and culture
What treatment is typically recommended for elbow osteoarthritis (OA)?
PT and Arthroscopic repair
Which condition may cause weakness in supination in males over 40 years old?
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
What is the abbreviation TEA referred to in the context of elbow conditions?
Total Elbow Arthroplasty
What is the name of the ligament tear mentioned in the text?
Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tear
What is the preferred treatment approach mentioned in the text for the UCL Tear?
Conservative management
What is the anatomical location of the UCL Tear mentioned in the text?
Wrist
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a conservative treatment option for the UCL Tear?
Physiotherapy
What is the name of the surgical procedure mentioned in the text for treating UCL Tear?
Tommy John Surgery
Which of the following is NOT listed as a component of the patient history essential for evaluating shoulder pathology?
Family history
Which of the following clinical landmarks is utilized in the examination of the shoulder?
Deltoid muscle
Study Notes
Anterior Elbow Pain
- Etiology: Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Gout tophus, Septic joint
- MC: Rheumatoid arthritis
- General: Pain at site, Swelling, Effusion, Nodules, W/ or w/o fever
- Special Tests: Aspiration, OA: joint space narrowing +/osteophytes, Gout: Aspirate, Septic: Aspirate, Culture, CBC for WBC count
- Treatment: All: Attempt CS injections, RA: GOLD, DMARD, Optimize NSAIDs, TEA if needed, OA: PT, Arthroscopic repair, TEA, Gout: XOI/Steroids, Septic: IV antibiotics, Surgical intervention
Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture
- Etiology: Lifting heavy stuff causes excessive force on distal tendon attachment
- General: Weakness in supination, Sudden, sharp pain, Bruising, Muscle bulging
- MRI: Determine completeness of tear
- Treatment: TEA (total elbow arthroplasty)
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
- Etiology: Pressure on ulnar nerve at the elbow
- General: Weakness in supination, Sudden, sharp pain, Bruising, Muscle bulging
- Posterior Elbow Pain: Pain in medial/post elbow, Paresthesis in ring & small finger
- Treatment: Conservative: Adapt mechanism, (+) Tinel's, EMG/NCS
Olecranon Bursitis
- Etiology: Swelling within the olecranon bursa
- General: Pain & limited ROM, +/- erythema, visually obvious
- Treatment: Aspirate and test sample, Otherwise: Compression, Bursectomy if recurrent, NSAIDs
Fracture of the Olecranon
- Etiology: FOOSH fracture and/or dislocation
- General: Pain & limited ROM, +/- erythema
- Treatment: MC: 90% displaced, Surgical reattachment/repair, 1-2wk post injury for best results
Lateral Epicondylitis
- Etiology: Repetition injury
- General: Pain in lateral elbow, Weakness in supination
- Treatment: Conservative: Adapt mechanism, (+) Tinel's, EMG/NCS, Surgical: Create new space for nerve, Reduce impingement
Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tear (UCL Tear)
- Etiology: Weightlifters
- General: Pain in medial aspect (MCL) with flexion and pronation
- Clinical: Wrist flexion, Wrist pronation
- Treatment: Conservative: Compression brace, NSAID, CS Injection, Stretching, Surgical: not preferred
Fracture of Distal Humerus (Supracondylar)
- Etiology: Trauma in kids
- General: Pain, "Sail's sign" (posterior fat pad)
- XRAY: AP, Lateral
- Treatment: Surgical: Fixation (pins), Post-op splinting/casting, Type I: Sling for 3-5 days, Early ROM exercise, Type II: Displaced, Type III: Comminuted
Fracture of Radial Head
- Etiology: FOOSH, Valgus force
- General: Pain, Swelling at lateral elbow, Limited ROM
- XRAY: AP, Lateral, Oblique
- Treatment: Type I: Non-displaced, Type II: Displaced, Type III: Comminuted
Radial Head Subluxation (Nursemaid's Elbow)
- Etiology: Swinging/extension in < 6YO kids
- General: Pain, Refusal to use arm
- Treatment: Must reduce, Fully extend elbow, Fully flex
Learn about the causes, signs, and special diagnostic tests for elbow pain conditions like Elbow Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Gout Tophus, and Septic Joint. Explore common symptoms such as pain, swelling, effusion, and nodules, along with relevant treatments including corticosteroid injections and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).
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