Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of joint is the humeroulnar joint in the elbow?
What type of joint is the humeroulnar joint in the elbow?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for elbow flexion?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for elbow flexion?
What is the function of the radial collateral ligament in the elbow?
What is the function of the radial collateral ligament in the elbow?
Which bone in the forearm articulates with the humerus at the elbow joint?
Which bone in the forearm articulates with the humerus at the elbow joint?
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What is the main difference in elbow structure compared to other joints and why?
What is the main difference in elbow structure compared to other joints and why?
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What is the primary function of the patella?
What is the primary function of the patella?
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Which of the following statements about elbow kinetics is true?
Which of the following statements about elbow kinetics is true?
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Which of the following is an acute elbow injury?
Which of the following is an acute elbow injury?
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What is the primary function of the shoulder joint?
What is the primary function of the shoulder joint?
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Which of the following joints is the only one that directly connects the arms to the axial skeleton?
Which of the following joints is the only one that directly connects the arms to the axial skeleton?
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What is the scapulohumeral rhythm?
What is the scapulohumeral rhythm?
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Which of the following statements about the shoulder joint is true?
Which of the following statements about the shoulder joint is true?
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What is the primary function of the deltoid muscle?
What is the primary function of the deltoid muscle?
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Which of the following statements about muscle insertion points is true?
Which of the following statements about muscle insertion points is true?
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What is the primary function of the pectoral muscles in relation to the shoulder joint?
What is the primary function of the pectoral muscles in relation to the shoulder joint?
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Study Notes
Elbow Joint Functions
- Add mobility of the hand in space
- Shorten or lengthen the arm
- Rotate the forearm
- Provide control and stability for skilled hand motions
- Provide control and stability for forceful upper extremity motions
Elbow Bones
- Upper arm bone: humerus
- Lower arm bones: radius and ulna
Elbow Articulations
- Humeroulnar joint
- Humeroradial joint
- Radioulnar joint
- Ligaments: radial and ulnar collateral ligaments, annular ligament
Elbow Kinematics
- Flexion and extension: humeroulnar joint (hinge), humeroradial joint (gliding)
- Forearm pronation and supination: radioulnar joint (pivot)
Elbow Muscles
- Flexion: biceps brachii, brachialis
- Extension: triceps brachii
- Pronation: pronators
- Supination: supinators
Elbow Structure
- The olecranon process of the ulna provides enough stability and protection for the elbow
- No need for an 'elbow cap' like the patella in the knee
Elbow Kinetics
- Not typically weight-bearing
- High forces during daily activities (e.g. eating, getting up from a chair, pulling a table)
- Higher forces during sports (e.g. baseball pitching, gymnastics)
Elbow Injuries
- Acute injuries: forearm fractures, pain, weakness, swelling, deformity
- Repetitive injuries:
- Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis): repetitive stress on wrist extensor/supinator muscles' tendons
- Golfer's elbow (medial epicondylitis): repetitive stress on wrist flexor/pronator muscles' tendons
- Ulnar collateral ligament injury: medial elbow ligament replaced
Shoulder Joint Functions
- Link arms to the trunk
- Add mobility of the arm in space
- Provide control and stability for movements
Shoulder Bones
- Upper arm bone: humerus
- Trunk bones: clavicle, scapula
Shoulder Articulations
- Shoulder joint: glenohumeral joint (reinforced by ligaments)
- Shoulder girdle: armioclavicular joint, sternoclavicular joint, scapulothoracic articulation
Shoulder Kinematics
- Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation: glenohumeral joint (ball and socket)
- Shoulder girdle motions: elevation, depression, protraction, retraction
- Scapulohumeral rhythm: regular pattern of scapular rotation accompanying humeral abduction
Shoulder Muscles
- Deltoid: abduction, flexion, extension
- Pectoralis: multiple functions
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Description
Test your knowledge on the functions and anatomy of the elbow joint, including its role in hand mobility, arm movements, and stability. Learn about the bones of the elbow (humerus, radius, ulna) and the different articulations like humeroulnar, humeroradial, and radioulnar joints.
