Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of joint is the elbow joint?
What type of joint is the elbow joint?
- Synovial hinge (correct)
- Saddle
- Ball and socket
- Pivot
Which part of the humerus articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna?
Which part of the humerus articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna?
- Capitulum
- Radial fossa
- Trochlea (correct)
- Coronoid fossa
Which ligament is attached to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?
Which ligament is attached to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?
- Radial collateral (correct)
- Annular
- Ulnar collateral
- Interosseous
What action does the brachialis muscle primarily perform?
What action does the brachialis muscle primarily perform?
Which muscle is responsible for elbow extension?
Which muscle is responsible for elbow extension?
Which border of the scapula forms the posterior boundary of the axillary apex?
Which border of the scapula forms the posterior boundary of the axillary apex?
What is the nerve supply for the Coraco-brachialis muscle?
What is the nerve supply for the Coraco-brachialis muscle?
Which of the following muscles is located in the anterior wall of the axilla?
Which of the following muscles is located in the anterior wall of the axilla?
What structure admits the head of the radius at the elbow joint?
What structure admits the head of the radius at the elbow joint?
Which of the following muscles is considered a prime flexor of the elbow?
Which of the following muscles is considered a prime flexor of the elbow?
Which of the following inserts on the middle of medial border of humerus?
Which of the following inserts on the middle of medial border of humerus?
Which muscle assists with shoulder joint support?
Which muscle assists with shoulder joint support?
Which structure forms the medial boundary of the axilla?
Which structure forms the medial boundary of the axilla?
Which of these muscles is involved in flexing the elbow when the forearm is in midprone position?
Which of these muscles is involved in flexing the elbow when the forearm is in midprone position?
What nerve innervates the triceps brachii muscle?
What nerve innervates the triceps brachii muscle?
The coronoid process of ulna is admitted by which part of humerus?
The coronoid process of ulna is admitted by which part of humerus?
What is contained within the axilla?
What is contained within the axilla?
Which muscle supinates the forearm?
Which muscle supinates the forearm?
Which of the following is the origin of the lateral head of the triceps brachii?
Which of the following is the origin of the lateral head of the triceps brachii?
Which muscle(s) inserts onto the radial tuberosity?
Which muscle(s) inserts onto the radial tuberosity?
Which structural component of the humerus directly articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna to facilitate elbow joint movement?
Which structural component of the humerus directly articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna to facilitate elbow joint movement?
In a complex injury involving the elbow, a surgeon needs to reattach a stabilizing ligament to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. Which ligament is the target for this reattachment?
In a complex injury involving the elbow, a surgeon needs to reattach a stabilizing ligament to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. Which ligament is the target for this reattachment?
Which statement accurately describes the functional role of the coronoid fossa of the humerus?
Which statement accurately describes the functional role of the coronoid fossa of the humerus?
Considering the muscular actions at the elbow joint, which muscle is specifically responsible for flexing the elbow when the forearm is in a pronated position?
Considering the muscular actions at the elbow joint, which muscle is specifically responsible for flexing the elbow when the forearm is in a pronated position?
Which muscle primarily facilitates supination of the forearm?
Which muscle primarily facilitates supination of the forearm?
What is the functional implication of the radial notch admitting the head of the radius at the elbow joint?
What is the functional implication of the radial notch admitting the head of the radius at the elbow joint?
If a patient presents with damage to the musculocutaneous nerve, resulting in impaired flexion and supination, which muscle would be LEAST affected?
If a patient presents with damage to the musculocutaneous nerve, resulting in impaired flexion and supination, which muscle would be LEAST affected?
Which specific aspect of the humerus serves as the insertion point for the deltoid muscle?
Which specific aspect of the humerus serves as the insertion point for the deltoid muscle?
The surgical resident is asked to identify the boundaries of the axilla. Which of the following correctly lists the structures forming the axilla's anterior wall?
The surgical resident is asked to identify the boundaries of the axilla. Which of the following correctly lists the structures forming the axilla's anterior wall?
Which of the following lists the structures that define the boundaries of the 'cervico-axillary canal' (apex of axilla)?
Which of the following lists the structures that define the boundaries of the 'cervico-axillary canal' (apex of axilla)?
A patient has weakness in arm flexion and supination. Imaging reveals a lesion affecting the musculocutaneous nerve. Which of the following muscles would be MOST affected by this condition?
A patient has weakness in arm flexion and supination. Imaging reveals a lesion affecting the musculocutaneous nerve. Which of the following muscles would be MOST affected by this condition?
Which statement accurately differentiates between the origins of the long and lateral heads of the triceps brachii muscle?
Which statement accurately differentiates between the origins of the long and lateral heads of the triceps brachii muscle?
A clinician is assessing a patient with a suspected axillary nerve injury. Which of the following findings would MOST likely support this diagnosis?
A clinician is assessing a patient with a suspected axillary nerve injury. Which of the following findings would MOST likely support this diagnosis?
A patient reports difficulty in pronating the forearm. Which of the following muscles is MOST likely affected?
A patient reports difficulty in pronating the forearm. Which of the following muscles is MOST likely affected?
During a physical examination, a doctor notes that a patient has full range of motion at the elbow but experiences pain during resisted supination. Which muscle is MOST likely the source of the pain?
During a physical examination, a doctor notes that a patient has full range of motion at the elbow but experiences pain during resisted supination. Which muscle is MOST likely the source of the pain?
A deep laceration on the anterior aspect of the arm severs a nerve, leading to the loss of both elbow flexion and supination. Based on this presentation, which nerve is MOST likely injured?
A deep laceration on the anterior aspect of the arm severs a nerve, leading to the loss of both elbow flexion and supination. Based on this presentation, which nerve is MOST likely injured?
Which of the following muscles inserts onto the ulnar tuberosity?
Which of the following muscles inserts onto the ulnar tuberosity?
A patient presents with an injury affecting the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Which ligament would be MOST likely affected?
A patient presents with an injury affecting the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Which ligament would be MOST likely affected?
When the elbow joint is fully extended, which anatomical structure of the ulna is received by the olecranon fossa of the humerus?
When the elbow joint is fully extended, which anatomical structure of the ulna is received by the olecranon fossa of the humerus?
The coracobrachialis muscle is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve and performs what action?
The coracobrachialis muscle is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve and performs what action?
Flashcards
Elbow Joint
Elbow Joint
A synovial hinge joint that connects the arm and forearm.
Humero-ulnar joint
Humero-ulnar joint
The articulation between the trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna.
Humero-radial Joint
Humero-radial Joint
The point where the capitulum of the humerus meets the upper surface of the head of the radius.
Radial Collateral Ligament
Radial Collateral Ligament
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Ulnar Collateral Ligament
Ulnar Collateral Ligament
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Elbow Flexion
Elbow Flexion
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Elbow Extension
Elbow Extension
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Coraco-brachialis
Coraco-brachialis
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Brachialis
Brachialis
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Biceps Brachii
Biceps Brachii
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Triceps Brachii
Triceps Brachii
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Axilla Definition
Axilla Definition
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Anterior wall of axilla
Anterior wall of axilla
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Posterior wall of axilla
Posterior wall of axilla
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Lateral wall of axilla
Lateral wall of axilla
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Medial wall of axilla
Medial wall of axilla
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Apex of axilla
Apex of axilla
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Content of axilla
Content of axilla
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Radial Fossa
Radial Fossa
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Coronoid Fossa
Coronoid Fossa
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Olecranon Fossa
Olecranon Fossa
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Trochlea
Trochlea
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Capitulum
Capitulum
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Study Notes
- Elbow joint: a synovial hinge joint
Humero-ulnar Articulation
- Trochlea of humerus articulates with the trochlear notch of ulna
- Coronoid fossa of humerus articulates with the coronoid process of ulna
- Olecranon fossa of humerus articulates with the olecranon process of ulna
Humero-radial Articulation
- Capitulum of humerus articulates with the upper surface of the head of radius
- Radial notch articulates with head of radius
Ligaments
- Radial collateral ligament attaches to the lateral epicondyle of humerus
- Ulnar collateral ligament attaches to the medial epicondyle of humerus
Movement
Flexion Muscles
- Brachialis is the prime flexor
- Biceps contribute to flexion during supination
- Pronator teres contributes to flexion during pronation
- Brachio-radialis contributes to flexion in midprone position
- Superficial group of the front of the forearm contributes to flexion
Extension Muscles
- Triceps are involved in extension
- Anconeus is involved in extension
- Superficial group of the back of the forearm (except brachio-radialis) contributes to extension
Muscles of the Arm
Coraco-brachialis
- Originates from the tip of the coracoid process
- Inserts on the middle of the medial border of the humerus
- Innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve
- Facilitates flexion of the arm
Brachialis
- Originates from the front of the lower half of the humerus
- Inserts on the ulnar tuberosity
- Innervated by the musculocutaneous and radial nerves
- Acts as a prime flexor of the elbow
Biceps brachii
- Has a long head originating from the supraglenoid tubercle
- Has a short head originating from the tip of the coracoid process
- Inserts via tendon on the radial tuberosity and via aponeurosis on the deep fascia of the forearm
- Innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve
- Facilitates flexion and supination of the forearm
Triceps
- Long head originates from the infra-glenoid tubercle
- Lateral head originates from the back of the humerus above the spiral groove
- Medial head originates from the back of the humerus below the spiral groove
- Inserts on the back of the upper surface of the olecranon process
- Innervated by the radial nerve
- Acts as a prime extensor of the elbow
- The long head supports the shoulder joint
Axilla
- Definition: Pyramidal space between the arm and the upper part of the thorax
Boundaries of the Axilla
- Anterior wall: Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius, and clavipectoral fascia
- Posterior wall: Subscapularis, teres major, and latissimus dorsi
- Lateral wall: Bicipital groove, coracobrachialis, and short head of biceps
- Medial wall: Serratus anterior
Apex (Cervico-axillary canal)
- Anterior border: back of clavicle
- Posterior border: superior border of scapula
- Medial border: outer rib of 1st rib
Base of Axilla
- Skin and axillary fascia
Contents of the Axilla
- Axillary fat, vessels, and lymph nodes
- Brachial plexus (cords and branches)
- Tail of the breast
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