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Questions and Answers
What is the atrial pattern in Atrial Flutter?
What is the atrial pattern in Atrial Flutter?
Atrial Fibrillation is characterized by which of the following?
Atrial Fibrillation is characterized by which of the following?
What causes the rhythm in PJCs to be irregular?
What causes the rhythm in PJCs to be irregular?
Inverted P wave
What is the heart rate range for Junctional Rhythm?
What is the heart rate range for Junctional Rhythm?
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What is the heart rate range for Accelerated Junctional Rhythm?
What is the heart rate range for Accelerated Junctional Rhythm?
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What is the heart rate range for Junctional Tachycardia Rhythm?
What is the heart rate range for Junctional Tachycardia Rhythm?
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What does Supraventricular Tachycardia present with?
What does Supraventricular Tachycardia present with?
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What is a characteristic of First Degree AV Block?
What is a characteristic of First Degree AV Block?
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What pattern is associated with Second Degree AV Block Mobitz I (Wenkebach)?
What pattern is associated with Second Degree AV Block Mobitz I (Wenkebach)?
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In Second Degree AV Block, what is the characteristic of the PR interval?
In Second Degree AV Block, what is the characteristic of the PR interval?
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In Third Degree Heart Block, the P-P and R-R intervals are irregular.
In Third Degree Heart Block, the P-P and R-R intervals are irregular.
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T wave inversion indicates myocardial injury.
T wave inversion indicates myocardial injury.
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What defines a Pathologic Q wave?
What defines a Pathologic Q wave?
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What does a PVC look like?
What does a PVC look like?
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What is a normal width for a Physiologic Q wave?
What is a normal width for a Physiologic Q wave?
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Match the following rhythms to their characteristics:
Match the following rhythms to their characteristics:
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Study Notes
Atrial Rhythms
- Atrial Flutter: Characterized by a "saw tooth" pattern with F-waves instead of P waves; F-waves may exist in various ratios to QRS complexes.
- Atrial Fibrillation: Displays chaotic atrial electrical activity with no P waves, replacing them with f-waves; irregular R-R intervals are common.
Junctional Rhythms
- Premature Junctional Contractions (PJCs): Cause rhythm irregularities; inverted P waves may be present but often go unobserved due to their low voltage.
- Junctional Rhythm: May show an inverted or absent P wave. The rate ranges between 40-60 bpm.
- Accelerated Junctional Rhythm: Similar to Junctional Rhythm, but with a rate of 60-100 bpm.
- Junctional Tachycardia: Inverted or absent P wave; this rhythm typically has a rate between 100-180 bpm.
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
- SVT: Features a normal-narrow QRS complex with a heart rate over 150 bpm; P waves may be obscured at higher heart rates, requiring increased paper speed for clarity.
Atrioventricular (AV) Blocks
- First Degree AV Block: Characterized by a constant PR interval greater than 0.20 seconds.
- Second Degree AV Block (Mobitz I/Wenckebach): Involves a cyclical PR interval that progressively lengthens until a QRS complex is dropped; mnemonic: "lengthen, lengthen, drop."
- Second Degree AV Block (Type II): Maintains a constant PR interval with occasional QRS dropouts.
- Third Degree (Complete) Heart Block: P-P and R-R intervals are regular but firing at different rates, indicating a loss of coordination between atrial and ventricular activity.
ECG Changes
- T Wave Inversion: Indicates ischemia, typically seen with ST segment elevation.
- Myocardial Injury: Characterized by T wave inversion and ST elevation on a 12-lead ECG.
- Physiologic Q wave: Normal width <0.04 seconds and depth <1/3 the height of the R wave.
- Pathologic Q wave: Indicates infarction, with a width ≥0.04 seconds or depth ≥1/3 the height of the R wave.
Ventricular Rhythms
- Ventricular Tachycardia (VT): Exhibits wide, bizarre QRS complexes with a rate exceeding 100 bpm and no P waves.
- Ventricular Fibrillation: Characterized by a complete absence of organized electrical activity, resulting in chaotic tracings with no P, QRS, or T waves.
- Asystole: Defined by a total lack of ventricular activity, appearing as a flat line on monitoring strips; signifies absence of electrical activity.
Pacemaker Rhythms
- Atrial Pacemaker Rhythm: Identified by a pacing spike before the P wave, indicating atrial depolarization.
- Ventricular Pacemaker Rhythm: Recognized by a pacing spike preceding the QS complex, marking ventricular depolarization.
- Atrioventricular Pacemaker Rhythm: Shows pacing spikes before both the atrial depolarization (P wave) and ventricular depolarization (QS complex).
Bundle Branch Block
- Bundle Branch Block: Maintains usual rhythm characteristics, but the QRS complex duration is 0.12 seconds or longer.
Other ECG Findings
- ST Segment Depression: Occurs when the ST segment is below the isoelectric line, indicating possible myocardial ischemia.
- Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs): Early QRS complexes that are wide and bizarre with no preceding P wave; PVCs can vary in shape, necessitating rhythm identification for accurate interpretation.
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Description
This quiz consists of flashcards designed to help you learn and memorize key EKG strip characteristics, including atrial flutter and fibrillation. Each card provides important definitions and patterns that are crucial for understanding cardiac rhythms.
