Questions and Answers
What is the term for a normal heart rhythm?
Sinus Rhythm
What is Sinus Tachycardia?
Sinus Tachycardia
What is Sinus Bradycardia?
Sinus Bradycardia
What does Sinus Dysrhythmia refer to?
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What is the term for a temporary pause in the normal rhythm of the heart?
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What is Sinus Rhythm with Premature Atrial Contractions?
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What is the term for a fast heart rate that originates from the upper chambers of the heart?
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What rhythm is associated with a rapid and chaotic electrical activity in the atria?
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What is the term for a rhythm that occurs when impulses originate from the atrioventricular node?
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What is Accelerated Junctional Rhythm?
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What is the condition defined by the presence of unifocal premature ventricular contractions?
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What is Ventricular Fibrillation?
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What is the term for the rhythm characterized by three or more consecutive premature ventricular contractions?
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What is the term for a rhythm with complete blockage of conduction through the AV node?
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What is Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia also known as?
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Study Notes
Sinus Rhythms
- Sinus Rhythm: Normal rhythm; regular rate, P waves before each QRS complex.
- Sinus Tachycardia: Elevated heart rate (usually over 100 bpm) with normal P waves; indicates increased demand or stimulation.
- Sinus Bradycardia: Heart rate below 60 bpm, regular rhythm; can be normal in athletes or indicate bradyarrhythmias.
- Sinus Dysrhythmia: Irregular sinus rhythm associated with respiratory patterns; normal in young adults.
- Sinus Block/Sinus Arrest: Interruption in the sinus node's pacing; can lead to missed beats.
Atrial Rhythms
- Sinus Rhythm w/Premature Atrial Contractions: Early beats from atrial ectopic focus, usually benign.
- Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia slowing to Sinus Rhythm: Tachycardia starting suddenly and returning to normal rhythm.
- Atrial Flutter: Rapid, organized atrial depolarization (sawtooth pattern), often seen in heart disease.
- Atrial Fibrillation: Chaotic electrical activity in the atria; irregularly irregular rhythm, risk of thromboembolism.
Junctional Rhythms
- Junctional Rhythm: Impulses originating from the AV junction; absent or inverted P waves, often bradycardic.
- Accelerated Junctional Rhythm: Junctional rhythm with a rate of 61-100 bpm; can be post-ischemic.
- Sinus Rhythm w/Premature Junctional Contractions: Early beats from the junction; may have absent or inverted P waves.
Ventricular Rhythms
- Sinus Rhythm w/Unifocal Premature Ventricular Contractions: Irregular beats originating from a single ectopic ventricular focus.
- Sinus Rhythm w/Multifocal Premature Ventricular Contractions: Multiple ectopic ventricular foci; varied morphology of PVCs.
- Sinus Rhythm w/Premature Ventricular Contractions (Bigeminy): Occurrence of PVCs every other beat.
- Ventricular Tachycardia: Three or more consecutive beats originating from the ventricles; potentially life-threatening.
- Ventricular Fibrillation: Disorganized electrical activity, leading to ineffective contraction; requires immediate intervention.
Other Conditions
- R-on-T Phenomenon: PVC occurs on the T wave of a preceding beat; risk for lethal rhythms.
- Ventricular Fibrillation from R-on-T Phenomenon: Life-threatening arrhythmia that may develop from R-on-T events.
- Fine Ventricular Fibrillation: Low amplitude disorganized electrical activity; difficult to distinguish from asystole.
- Coarse Ventricular Fibrillation: Higher amplitude fibrillation waves; still requires urgent intervention.
- Artifact: Distortion of EKG signals from multiple sources; must be identified to avoid misinterpretation.
AV Blocks
- Sinus Rhythm w/First Degree AV Block: Prolonged PR interval (>200 ms); typically asymptomatic.
- Second Degree AV Block Mobitz Type I (Wenckebach): Progressive PR interval lengthening followed by a dropped QRS; usually benign.
- Second Degree AV Block Mobitz Type II: Constant PR interval with intermittent dropped QRS; more concerning than Type I.
- Third Degree AV Block (Complete Heart Block): No communication between atria and ventricles; requires pacemaker intervention.
Miscellaneous
- Idioventricular Rhythm: Ventricular pacing, typically slow (20-40 bpm) with a wide QRS complex; may occur in severe bradycardia.
- Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (Wandering Atrial Pacemaker): Variation in P wave shape; rate generally above 100 bpm.
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Description
Test your knowledge of various EKG rhythms with these practice flashcards. Each card features a specific rhythm, such as sinus rhythm, tachycardia, and more. Perfect for nursing students and healthcare professionals looking to enhance their EKG interpretation skills.
