Questions and Answers
What is the term for a normal heart rhythm?
Which term describes a heart rate that is faster than normal?
What does Sinus Bradycardia indicate?
What is Sinus Dysrhythmia?
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Which term refers to a brief pause in the heart rhythm often leading to junctional escape beats?
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What is a PVC with compensatory pause?
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What does Atrial Flutter indicate?
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What condition is characterized by chaotic electrical activity resulting in ineffective atrial contraction?
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Which block is known as Junctional Bradycardia?
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What is Ventricular Tachycardia?
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What does TORSADES refer to?
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What does Asystole indicate?
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What is first-degree block?
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Study Notes
Normal Sinus Rhythm
- Characterized by a consistent rhythm with a heart rate typically between 60-100 beats per minute.
- P waves are present before each QRS complex, indicating normal electrical conduction.
Sinus Tachycardia
- Defined by a heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute with a regular rhythm.
- Commonly results from factors like exercise, stress, or fever.
Sinus Bradycardia
- Heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute with a regular rhythm.
- May be seen in athletes or during sleep; can indicate underlying issues if symptomatic.
Sinus Dysrhythmia
- Irregular heart rhythm that often follows the respiratory cycle.
- The heart rate increases during inhalation and decreases on exhalation.
Sinus Arrest (junctional escape beat at end of pause)
- A temporary cessation of sinus node activity, leading to missed beats.
- Junctional escape beats may occur to maintain heart function.
PVC with compensatory pause
- A premature ventricular contraction that is followed by a pause allowing for normalization.
- Indicates abnormal electrical activity in the ventricles.
Wandering Atrial Pacemaker
- Characterized by variations in the atrial pacemaker site, leading to changes in P wave morphology.
- Typically presents with a heart rate less than 100 beats per minute.
Atrial Flutter
- Characterized by rapid atrial contractions typically between 240-340 beats per minute.
- Sawtooth pattern can be observed on EKG, specifically in leads II, III, and aVF.
Atrial Fibrillation
- An irregular and often rapid heart rhythm caused by chaotic electrical signals in the atria.
- Can lead to increased risk of stroke and heart failure.
Junctional Bradycardia
- Heart rate is below 40 beats per minute, originating from the AV junction.
- P waves may be absent or appear after QRS complexes.
Junctional (p's after QRS)
- P waves occur after the QRS complex, indicating a junctional origin of pacemaker activity.
- The rhythm remains regular, but the atrial activity is delayed.
Junctional Tachycardia
- Defined by a heart rate over 100 beats per minute with junctional pacemaker origin.
- May present similarly to other tachyarrhythmias but with unique characteristics on EKG.
PJCs (Premature Junctional Contractions)
- Early beats originating from the AV junction, often accompanied by absent or inverted P waves.
- May cause palpitations or be asymptomatic.
Multifocal PVCs
- Multiple ectopic foci in the ventricles lead to different shaped PVCs.
- Indicates increased myocardial irritability and can signify underlying heart conditions.
PVCs in bigeminal pattern
- Occurs when a PVC is followed by a normal beat, creating an alternating rhythm.
- Indicates underlying heart problems and may require monitoring.
PVC Couplets
- Defined as two consecutive PVCs occurring together.
- May indicate increased risk for more serious arrhythmias.
3 Beat run of Vtach
- A sequence of three consecutive ventricular beats.
- Can be a precursor to sustained ventricular tachycardia.
Ventricular Tachycardia
- Characterized by three or more consecutive PVCs, resulting in a rapid heart rate.
- Can be life-threatening and may lead to decreased cardiac output.
TORSADES
- A specific type of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia associated with prolonged QT interval.
- Can lead to syncope or sudden cardiac arrest.
Course V-Fib
- A chaotic and irregular heart rhythm characterized by a coarse appearance on the EKG.
- Requires immediate medical intervention to restore normal rhythm.
Fine V-Fib
- A more subtle form of ventricular fibrillation with less pronounced waveform.
- Still life-threatening, requiring rapid defibrillation.
Idioventricular
- A slow rhythm originating from the ventricles (typically 20-40 beats per minute).
- Can arise in cases of complete heart block or in the absence of atrial activity.
Asystole (ventricular standstill)
- Complete cessation of electrical activity in the heart, resulting in no heartbeat.
- Represents a critical emergency requiring immediate resuscitation efforts.
First Degree Block
- Prolongation of the PR interval beyond 0.20 seconds with a constant relationship between P waves and QRS complexes.
- Generally benign but may reflect underlying conduction disease.
Second Degree Block Mobitz Type I
- Progressive lengthening of the PR interval until a QRS complex is dropped.
- Often resolves spontaneously and may not require treatment.
Second Degree Block Mobitz Type II
- Characterized by consistent PR intervals with intermittent dropped QRS complexes.
- More serious than Type I and may require pacemaker intervention.
Third Degree Block with Ventricular Escape
- Complete dissociation between atrial and ventricular activity.
- Ventricular escape rhythm helps maintain heart rate, but may be dangerously low.
Atrial Pacing
- Delivery of electrical impulses to stimulate atrial contraction, often used in pacemakers.
- Can treat various types of bradycardia or atrial dysrhythmias.
Ventricular Pacing
- Electric stimulation directed at the ventricles to ensure contraction.
- Used primarily in cases of complete heart block or significant bradycardia.
A-V Pacing
- Simultaneous pacing of both atria and ventricles to maintain synchronized electrical activity.
- Used in complex conduction issues where both chambers are affected.
Ventricular Pacing with failure to capture
- Occurs when the pacemaker fails to stimulate the ventricle despite delivering impulses.
- Signals potential underlying issues with either the pacemaker or the heart muscle.
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Description
This quiz comprises flashcards aimed at enhancing your understanding of EKG concepts, including various heart rhythms such as Normal Sinus Rhythm, Sinus Tachycardia, and more. Use these flashcards to test your knowledge and prepare for exams in medical or health-related fields.
