EKG Interpretations
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the compensated stage of circulatory shock?

  • Tissue hypoperfusion and metabolic derangement
  • Leakage of fluid and protein into extracellular space
  • Activation of neurohormonal mechanisms to maintain CO and BP (correct)
  • Severe cell and tissue injury

    • What is the main reason for the skin to appear pale, cool, and moist in the compensated stage of shock?

  • Cutaneous vasoconstriction (correct)
  • Decreased blood flow to the skin
  • Increased heart rate
  • Increased peripheral vasoconstriction

    • Which of the following is a characteristic of the irreversible stage of circulatory shock?

  • Tissue hypoperfusion and metabolic derangement
  • Leakage of fluid and protein into extracellular space
  • Activation of neurohormonal mechanisms to maintain CO and BP
  • Severe cell and tissue injury (correct)

    • Which of the following is true about the PR interval on an EKG?

    <p>It is used to determine the baseline of the EKG.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electrical event represented by the T wave on an EKG?

    <p>Ventricular repolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of current flow on the outer membrane surface of excitable cardiac cells during depolarization?

    <p>Positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do the Q and S waves cause negative deflections on the EKG?

    <p>Due to initial depolarization of the left side septum before the right side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the alteration of the QRS complex in bundle branch block?

    <p>Prolonged QRS complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following leads becomes the isoelectric lead in right axis rotation?

    <p>Lead V1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common cause of current of injury?

    <p>Local ischemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the J point and how is it used to determine current of injury?

    <p>The junction point of the QRS wave and the ST segment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lead gives the strongest positive QRS deflection in an EKG?

    <p>Lead II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lead gives a negative QRS deflection in an EKG?

    <p>aVR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which precordial leads give negative QRS deflections in an EKG?

    <p>V1 and V2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which precordial leads give positive QRS deflections in an EKG?

    <p>V5 and V6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of hypovolemic shock?

    <p>Hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical feature of septic shock?

    <p>Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy is NOT used in the treatment of shock?

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is a characteristic of ST segment elevation during acute transmural infarctions?

    <p>Abnormally tall T waves followed by T-wave inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is a characteristic of ST segment alteration during pericarditis?

    <p>Flat or concave ST segment elevation that resolves with time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is a common EKG finding in anterior infarction?

    <p>Q waves in V1, V2, V3, or V4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is a cause of sinus tachycardia?

    <p>Sympathetic stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shock may be effectively treated by sympathomimetics and why do sympathomimetics have little to no value in hemorrhagic shock?

    <p>Hemorrhagic shock; sympathomimetics have little to no value in hemorrhagic shock because the SANS is already maximally active</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two drug therapies are effective in anaphylactic shock and why are they effective?

    <p>Antihistamine + glucocorticoids; antihistamines block the effects of histamine and glucocorticoids stabilize lysosomal membrane and prevent the release of enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the definitions of 'stenosis' and 'regurgitation' in the context of valvular disease?

    <p>Stenosis refers to narrowing of the valve orifice that impedes forward flow, while regurgitation refers to leaflets destroyed by scar tissue, allowing backflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the effects of aortic stenosis on intraventricular pressures?

    <p>Intraventricular pressures are very high in aortic stenosis, reaching 200mmHg at rest and 400mmHg during activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

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