EKG Interpretations

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Which of the following is a characteristic of the compensated stage of circulatory shock?

Tissue hypoperfusion and metabolic derangement

Leakage of fluid and protein into extracellular space

Activation of neurohormonal mechanisms to maintain CO and BP (correct)

Severe cell and tissue injury

What is the main reason for the skin to appear pale, cool, and moist in the compensated stage of shock?

Cutaneous vasoconstriction (correct)

Decreased blood flow to the skin

Increased heart rate

Increased peripheral vasoconstriction

Which of the following is a characteristic of the irreversible stage of circulatory shock?

Tissue hypoperfusion and metabolic derangement

Leakage of fluid and protein into extracellular space

Activation of neurohormonal mechanisms to maintain CO and BP

Severe cell and tissue injury (correct)

Which of the following is true about the PR interval on an EKG?

It is used to determine the baseline of the EKG. Signup and view all the answers

What is the electrical event represented by the T wave on an EKG?

Ventricular repolarization Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of current flow on the outer membrane surface of excitable cardiac cells during depolarization?

Positive Signup and view all the answers

Why do the Q and S waves cause negative deflections on the EKG?

Due to initial depolarization of the left side septum before the right side. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the alteration of the QRS complex in bundle branch block?

Prolonged QRS complex Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following leads becomes the isoelectric lead in right axis rotation?

Lead V1 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common cause of current of injury?

Local ischemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the J point and how is it used to determine current of injury?

The junction point of the QRS wave and the ST segment Signup and view all the answers

Which lead gives the strongest positive QRS deflection in an EKG?

Lead II Signup and view all the answers

Which lead gives a negative QRS deflection in an EKG?

aVR Signup and view all the answers

Which precordial leads give negative QRS deflections in an EKG?

V1 and V2 Signup and view all the answers

Which precordial leads give positive QRS deflections in an EKG?

V5 and V6 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of cardiogenic shock?

Dehydration Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of hypovolemic shock?

Hemorrhage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a clinical feature of septic shock?

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy is NOT used in the treatment of shock?

Antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a characteristic of ST segment elevation during acute transmural infarctions?

Abnormally tall T waves followed by T-wave inversion Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a characteristic of ST segment alteration during pericarditis?

Flat or concave ST segment elevation that resolves with time Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a common EKG finding in anterior infarction?

Q waves in V1, V2, V3, or V4 Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a cause of sinus tachycardia?

Sympathetic stimulation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of shock may be effectively treated by sympathomimetics and why do sympathomimetics have little to no value in hemorrhagic shock?

Hemorrhagic shock; sympathomimetics have little to no value in hemorrhagic shock because the SANS is already maximally active Signup and view all the answers

Which two drug therapies are effective in anaphylactic shock and why are they effective?

Antihistamine + glucocorticoids; antihistamines block the effects of histamine and glucocorticoids stabilize lysosomal membrane and prevent the release of enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What are the definitions of 'stenosis' and 'regurgitation' in the context of valvular disease?

Stenosis refers to narrowing of the valve orifice that impedes forward flow, while regurgitation refers to leaflets destroyed by scar tissue, allowing backflow Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of aortic stenosis on intraventricular pressures?

Intraventricular pressures are very high in aortic stenosis, reaching 200mmHg at rest and 400mmHg during activity Signup and view all the answers