Circulatory Shock Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of circulatory shock?

Septic shock

Anaemic shock

Ischaemic shock (correct)

Hypovolaemic shock

Which of the following is a mechanism by which the body attempts to compensate for circulatory shock?

Vasodilation of peripheral blood vessels

Decreased cardiac output

Decreased blood pressure

Increased systemic vascular resistance (correct)

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of circulatory shock?

Decreased heart rate

Increased urine output

Warm, flushed skin

Rapid, shallow breathing (correct)

Which of the following is a common cause of anaemic shock?

Excessive blood loss Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major factor in determining the severity of circulatory shock?

The underlying cause of the shock Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor primarily has a high affinity for vasopressors?

Beta 2 receptor Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Beta 1 agonists on heart rate?

Increase heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What metabolic process is indicated by the presence of lactic acid?

Anaerobic respiration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following has a minimal effect on vascular resistance?

Beta 2 receptor activation Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood pressure upon Beta 1 receptor activation?

Blood pressure increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical pO2 level in the trachea?

20 kPa Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following areas has the lowest pO2 level?

Mitochondrion Signup and view all the answers

What components contribute to the total oxygen content of blood?

Oxygen content of hemoglobin and plasma Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical pO2 level in arterial blood plasma?

11-13 kPa Signup and view all the answers

How does stimulation of adrenergic receptors impact oxygenation?

It improves oxygenation by enhancing airflow in the lungs Signup and view all the answers

Which area has a pO2 level that is significantly lower than in the arterial blood plasma?

Venous blood plasma Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical pO2 in the alveolus?

13 kPa Signup and view all the answers

What other factors help ensure oxygen unloading at tissues that require it most?

Low pH and high carbon dioxide levels Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Oxygen Content in Different Areas

Atmosphere: 21 kPa
Trachea: 20 kPa
Alveoli: 13 kPa
Arterial blood plasma: 11-13 kPa
Mitochondria: 1.5 kPa
Venous blood plasma: 6 kPa

Hypoxia Types and Causes

Hypoxic: Severe lung disease
Anaemic: Haemorrhage
Ischaemic: Arterial occlusion
Histotoxic (rare): Cyanide poisoning

Adrenaline and Noradrenaline

Adrenaline: Medium (variable) - High
Noradrenaline: High - Low

Adrenergic Receptors and Oxygenation

Stimulation of adrenergic receptors improves oxygenation in tissues by increasing cardiac output and blood pressure. This increases perfusion to tissues.
Increase in CO (Cardiac Output) increases blood pressure
Increase in SVR (Systemic Vascular Resistance) increases blood pressure, allowing increased perfusion (if local arterial beds dilate).

Factors Affecting Oxygen Unloading

pH (lower pH promotes oxygen unloading)
2,3-DPG (present in red blood cells; increases oxygen unloading)
Temperature (higher temperature promotes oxygen unloading)
pCO2/pO2 (higher pCO2 promotes oxygen unloading)

Bohr Shift/Bohr Effect

Change in blood oxygen saturation in response to changes in blood pH, pCO2, and temperature.

Clinical Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation

Lactic acid (or lactate) is measured in the blood.
High levels indicate insufficient oxygenation in tissues (anaerobic respiration).

Metabolic Process

Anaerobic respiration (non-oxidative phosphorylation) is indicated by the presence of lactic acid

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Description

Test your knowledge on the causes, mechanisms, and clinical manifestations of circulatory shock. This quiz covers key concepts vital for understanding this critical condition. Ideal for students in health and medical courses.