Movement and Reproduction

What is the primary characteristic of locomotion in living organisms?

Which of the following statements is true about motile organisms?

Which of these organisms cannot move from place to place but can respond to external stimuli?

What is an example of locomotion used for foraging for food?

Which of the following describes an adaptation for locomotion in sloths?

What is the closest living relative to cetaceans (whales and dolphins)?

What is the primary function of the blowhole in marine mammals?

Which of the following helps marine mammals reduce drag in water?

How do the forelimbs of marine mammals aid in locomotion?

What feature of the tail of marine mammals helps them in swimming?

What is the role of myoglobin in marine mammals?

Why do marine mammals have larger lungs relative to their body size?

How do marine mammals manage to dive for extended periods of time?

Which of the following is true about marine mammal blood compared to terrestrial mammals?

Which of the following is a major use of locomotion for organisms?

What adaptation helps marine mammals stay warm in cold water?

Why do marine mammals have a high volume of blood relative to their body size?

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation that helps marine mammals with breathing?

Why do marine mammals need higher concentrations of myoglobin in their muscles?

What is a characteristic feature of skeletal muscles?

What structure within muscle fibers contains repeating units called sarcomeres?

Which of the following components does a motor unit include?

Which model explains how muscles contract?

What role do actin and myosin play in muscle contraction?

What is the role of troponin and tropomyosin in muscle contraction?

What causes tropomyosin to shift and expose the myosin-binding sites on actin?

How does titin contribute to muscle function?

What is the relationship between antagonistic muscles?

What happens when inorganic phosphate is released from the myosin head during muscle contraction?

What initiates the power stroke in muscle contraction?

What is the primary function of a skeleton?

Which of the following provides anchorage points for muscles?

Which type of skeleton do vertebrates have?

What type of skeleton do arthropods possess?

What is a polysaccharide chain found in?

How does an exoskeleton grow in organisms?

How does an endoskeleton grow in organisms?

What is the role of synovial joints?

What is enclosed in a joint capsule in a synovial joint?

What does synovial fluid reduce between bones?

What is the primary function of cartilage in joints?

What is the range of motion (ROM) at a joint?

What tool is used to measure the range of motion (ROM) at a joint?

What is plasma

What is tissue fluid also known as?

What causes fluid to leak out of capillaries at the arterial end?

At which end of the capillary does osmotic pressure draw fluid back into the bloodstream?

Why is the lymphatic system necessary in capillary exchange?

What is lymph?

How does lymph move through the body?

What function do gaps in the walls of lymph vessels serve?

What prevents backflow of lymph in lymph vessels?

Where is lymph returned to the circulatory system?

What are plasma and tissue fluid both made of?

What is the role of the lymphatic system in the immune system?

What type of circulatory system do mammals have?

Which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

What is the purpose of pulmonary circulation?

What is the role of systemic circulation?

What happens during the cardiac cycle when the semilunar valves are closed?

What is the primary function of the atrial systole phase of the cardiac cycle?

What happens during ventricular systole?

During ventricular systole, what happens to the AV valves?

What triggers the opening of the semilunar valves during ventricular systole?

Where does the electrical signal of the heart start?

What is the role of the AV node in the heart's electrical conduction?

After the electrical signal reaches the AV node, where does it travel next?

What is the final step in the electrical conduction system of the heart?

What is systolic pressure?

What is diastolic pressure?

What triggers the onset of puberty?

Where is gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) produced?

Which hormones are produced by the pituitary gland in response to GnRH?

What do FSH and LH stimulate in males?

What are some examples of secondary sex characteristics that are developed due to increased testosterone levels?

What do FSH and LH stimulate in females?

What is one effect of increased estrogen levels in females?

What is the role of germline stem cells?

What hormones are commonly used in hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?

What was an early finding in observational studies on hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?

What did controlled studies on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) find?

What is polyspermy?

What does the acrosome reaction allow sperm to do?

What is the role of the cortical reaction?

What does the diploid zygote undergo after fertilization?

What forms as a result of cleavage of the diploid zygote?

Where does the blastocyst implant?

The placenta grows from which two tissues?

What is the purpose of the finger-like projections of the placenta?

How does the placenta affect gestation?

What is the role of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) during early pregnancy?

Which hormone first maintains pregnancy by supporting the endometrium?

What happens when there is a drop in progesterone levels during pregnancy?