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Questions and Answers
What has been the emphasis in EFL listening materials in recent years?
What has been the emphasis in EFL listening materials in recent years?
- Enhancing learners' knowledge of language structures
- Developing bottom-up listening processes
- Developing top-down listening processes (correct)
- Improving learners' vocabulary
Why may a learner, even with knowledge of the context, still get lost when listening?
Why may a learner, even with knowledge of the context, still get lost when listening?
- Because they don't understand the purpose of the conversation
- Because they are not familiar with the speaker's accent
- Because they are not interested in the topic being discussed
- Because they understand very few words from the incoming signal (correct)
What can bottom-up listening activities help learners to do?
What can bottom-up listening activities help learners to do?
- Understand enough linguistic elements to use top-down skills (correct)
- Understand the main idea of a conversation
- Improve their pronunciation skills
- Guess unknown vocabulary
What is a common problem faced by higher-level students when listening to fast connected speech?
What is a common problem faced by higher-level students when listening to fast connected speech?
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Why may low-level learners struggle with listening?
Why may low-level learners struggle with listening?
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Study Notes
Emphasis in EFL Listening Materials
- The emphasis in EFL listening materials has shifted towards developing top-down listening processes in recent years.
Importance of Top-Down Listening
- Learners need to develop top-down listening skills to listen effectively, even when faced with unfamiliar vocabulary or structures.
Limitations of Top-Down Listening
- Even with knowledge of the context, learners may struggle to understand the incoming signal if they don't recognize enough words.
- This can lead to learners getting lost and failing to understand the content.
Importance of Bottom-Up Listening
- Bottom-up listening activities can help learners recognize linguistic elements in fast connected speech.
- Recognizing linguistic elements enables learners to use their top-down skills to fill in the gaps and understand the content better.
Challenges Faced by Learners
- Low-level learners may not have sufficient vocabulary or language knowledge to understand the incoming signal.
- Higher-level students may also struggle to recognize known words in fast connected speech.
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