EFL - English Language Learning: Quantifiers, Articles, Advice Modals, and Health & Food Vocabulary

EFL - English as a Foreign Language

Quantifiers

Quantifiers are words that indicate quantity, counting or measurement. These include numbers, 'much', 'many', 'some', 'most', 'all' etc. Knowledge of quantifiers allows learners to express quantities, count things, give estimates and compare amounts.

Articles

In English, articles are used before singular nouns and countable nouns, to specify what type of noun is being referred to. There are two types of articles in English: 'The' and 'A/An'. 'The' is used when the noun starts with a consonant, and 'A/An' is used before a noun starting with a vowel.

Advice Modals

Advice modals are modal verbs used to give advice or express opinions. These include 'should', 'ought to', 'could' etc. They help learners to communicate suggestions or recommendations in an advisory role.

Present Continuous

The present continuous is a verb tense that describes actions happening now. It can also indicate future actions if the action has already started at the time of speaking. For example, "I am going to the store" means I have started going to the store but it has not been completed yet.

Health and Food Vocabulary

Health and food vocabulary include words related to health, nutrition, diet, cooking, eating habits and more. This includes terms like 'obesity', 'blood pressure', 'proteins', 'vitamins', 'carbohydrates', 'calories' etc. Understanding these words helps learners communicate effectively about their own health and well-being, and allows them to understand instructions for preparing meals.

Advice Modals

Advice modals are words that provide recommendations or opinions on actions or choices. They include 'should', 'ought to', 'could' etc. These verbs are used to suggest possible actions based on personal judgment or experience. Here's how they can be used:

Should

'Should' is used to give advice or make recommendations. It implies that something is desirable, necessary, or appropriate under certain circumstances:

• You should always wear sunscreen when you go out in the sun.
• She should consult a doctor before taking any medication.

Ought to

'Ought to' also provides advice or recommendations, but with a stronger sense of obligation or duty:

• We ought to recycle more often to reduce waste.
• He ought to apologize for his behavior at the party.

Could

'Could' can give suggestions or opinions about what might happen if someone does something:

• If I could afford it, I would buy a house by the beach.
• They could study harder and get better grades in their exams.

Present Continuous

The present continuous describes actions happening right now or at the moment of speaking. It can also indicate future actions if the action has already started. For example:

Spelling: present + continuous = 'presently'.

• She is working on her computer now.
• We will be arriving at the airport by noon.

Quantifiers

Quantifiers are words that help express quantity, counting, measurement, or comparisons. They include numbers, pronouns, and other words like 'much', 'many', 'some', 'most', 'all', etc. Here are some examples:

• There were many students in the classroom.
• He has some experience in teaching English.
• Most of them finished their work before lunchtime.
• All students must bring their books tomorrow.

Health and Food Vocabulary

Understanding health and food vocabulary is crucial for learners to communicate effectively about their own well-being, dietary needs, and cooking skills. This includes terms related to nutrition, healthy eating habits, and cooking techniques. Some examples include:

Nutrition

• Protein: essential for building muscles, hair, skin, nails, etc.
• Vitamins: nutrients required for various bodily functions.
• Carbohydrates: provide energy for daily activities.
• Minerals: involved in numerous metabolic processes.

Diet

• Veganism: avoiding animal products.
• Vegetarianism: excluding meat but including eggs and dairy.
• Gluten-free: no wheat, barley, or rye.
• Lactose intolerant: difficulty digesting milk products.

Cooking Techniques

• Chopping: cutting ingredients into small pieces.
• Frying: cooking in hot oil.
• Baking: using dry heat to cook food in an oven.
• Boiling: cooking by heating a liquid (water) until it boils and then adding the ingredient.