CH 1: The Earth's energy
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Questions and Answers

Why are the temperatures near the equator warmer compared to the temperatures near the poles?

  • Ice and snow reflect solar radiation at the equator.
  • The Earth's surface absorbs more long-wave infrared energy near the equator.
  • The Sun's rays hit the Earth's surface more obliquely at the equator.
  • The Sun's rays hit the Earth's surface more directly at the equator. (correct)

How does insulation vary with latitude?

  • It increases as you move towards the poles from the equator.
  • It decreases as you move away from the equator towards the poles. (correct)
  • It remains constant regardless of the latitude.
  • It is not related to latitude.

What effect does ice and snow have on energy absorption in regions near the poles?

  • They increase energy absorption by trapping heat.
  • They have no effect on energy absorption.
  • They reflect solar radiation back into space. (correct)
  • They absorb more energy compared to other regions.

How does the Earth's surface contribute to heating the atmosphere?

<p>By absorbing short-wave radiation and re-radiating it as long-wave infrared energy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do cooler temperatures prevail at higher latitudes near the poles?

<p>Less solar radiation is absorbed due to a larger area covered by oblique sun rays near the poles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns play in transporting heat on Earth?

<p>They transport heat from the equator towards the poles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Coriolis effect play in oceanic circulation?

<p>Influences the direction of ocean currents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor driving the circulation of warm water from the tropics towards the poles in oceans?

<p>Salinity differences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does warm air behave at the equator in terms of its movement?

<p>It rises and moves towards the poles at high altitudes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the tilt of the Earth's axis cause in terms of seasonal variations?

<p>Seasonal variations in insolation and temperatures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily responsible for redistributing heat across the globe through atmospheric circulation?

<p>Differences in air pressure and temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the warmer temperatures near the equator?

<p>Direct impact of the Sun's rays leading to higher energy absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the overall warmth of the planet by heating the atmosphere from below?

<p>The re-radiated lower energy, long-wave infrared energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do cooler temperatures prevail at higher latitudes near the poles?

<p>Less energy absorption due to a more oblique angle at which the Sun's rays strike (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of higher latitudes near the poles contributes to the reduction in energy absorption?

<p>Increased reflective properties of ice and snow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the angle of incidence of the Sun's rays affect energy absorption at different latitudes?

<p>It reduces energy absorption at higher latitudes near the poles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does ice and snow have on solar energy reaching certain regions near the poles?

<p>Reflects solar radiation back into space (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the process of re-radiation impact the temperature distribution on Earth?

<p>It contributes to cooling at higher latitudes near the poles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant role played by atmospheric circulation patterns influenced by unequal heating on Earth?

<p>Transporting heat from equator towards poles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does insolation vary across different latitudes around the globe?

<p>It varies significantly with latitude (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Coriolis effect influence oceanic circulation patterns?

<p>By inducing currents to curve due to Earth's rotation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of deep ocean currents in transferring heat globally?

<p>Aiding in redistributing heat based on water density differences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes atmospheric circulation's role in heat redistribution?

<p>Movement of warm air towards low-pressure areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during each hemisphere's summer regarding sunlight and temperatures?

<p>More direct sunlight and warmer temperatures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary driver of insolation differences at different latitudes on Earth?

<p>The angle at which solar radiation strikes the Earth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do oceanic surface currents play in Earth's temperature distribution?

<p>Balancing heat between hemispheres (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do solstices differ from equinoxes in terms of sunlight received at different latitudes?

<p>Solstices have extreme daylight variations between hemispheres. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary driving force behind the movement of heat from the tropics towards the poles in oceanic circulation?

<p>Differences in water density caused by salinity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What seasonal phenomenon is responsible for equal day and night lengths globally during equinoxes?

<p>Direct alignment of the Sun over the equator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns contribute to Earth's climate system?

<p>By redistributing heat across the globe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives the movement of warm air from the equator towards the poles in atmospheric circulation?

<p>Unequal heating causing air to rise and move towards the poles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does deep oceanic circulation play in transferring heat globally?

<p>Moving cold water from high latitudes back towards the equator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Coriolis effect influence oceanic currents' direction in the southern hemisphere?

<p>Inducing clockwise rotation of currents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Earth's axial tilt during solstices?

<p>Maximum tilt towards or away from the Sun (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do polar regions experience cooler temperatures despite being exposed to solar radiation?

<p>'Albedo effect' reflecting sunlight off ice and snow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does warm surface water from tropical regions affect global temperature distribution?

<p>'Gulf Stream' transferring heat towards higher latitudes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes significantly to sustaining life on Earth through climate regulation mechanisms involving heat redistribution?

<p>Unequal heating driving atmospheric and oceanic circulation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the angle at which the Sun's rays strike the Earth have on energy absorption?

<p>Leads to higher energy absorption near the equator and lower absorption near the poles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the reflective properties of ice and snow affect energy absorption in polar regions?

<p>Reduces energy absorption by reflecting solar radiation back into space (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the warmer temperatures near the equator?

<p>Direct impact of the Sun's rays resulting in higher energy absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does insolation vary with latitude?

<p>Decreases at higher latitudes and increases near the equator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does atmospheric re-radiation play in heating Earth's atmosphere?

<p>It heats the atmosphere by converting high-energy radiation to lower energy infrared radiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do cooler temperatures generally prevail at higher latitudes near the poles?

<p>Oblique angle at which the Sun's rays hit the Earth leading to less energy absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns that transport heat from the equator towards the poles?

<p>Differential heating due to the angle of Sun's rays (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one outcome of insolation being highest at different latitudes?

<p>Different climate zones across the globe. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Earth’s surface contribute to climate variation?

<p>By absorbing and re-radiating solar energy differently based on latitude. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of atmospheric circulation in the Earth's climate system?

<p>Creating a cycle of air movement that helps redistribute heat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Coriolis effect influence oceanic circulation patterns?

<p>Making currents curve to the right in the southern hemisphere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of deep ocean currents on global heat transfer?

<p>Aiding in transferring heat globally (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which celestial event does one hemisphere experience maximally tilted exposure to the Sun?

<p>Solstice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do tropical regions generally absorb more energy than they lose?

<p>Through receiving more direct sunlight during their respective summers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the cooler temperatures experienced at higher latitudes near the poles?

<p>Lower insolation compared to equatorial regions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the reflective nature of ice and snow have on energy absorption in polar regions?

<p>It reduces energy absorption by reflecting solar radiation back into space (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Earth's surface contribute to heating the atmosphere?

<p>By absorbing high energy radiation and re-radiating it as lower energy infrared energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives the movement of heat from the equator towards the poles through atmospheric circulation?

<p>Atmospheric pressure differences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does insolation vary with latitude on Earth?

<p>Insolation decreases as latitude increases from equator towards poles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What global phenomenon results in the tropics absorbing more energy than they lose and the polar regions losing more energy than they gain?

<p>Insolation variability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives the movement of heat from areas of surplus (tropics) to areas of deficit (poles) through atmospheric circulation mechanisms?

<p>Differences in air pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of solstices in terms of Earth's hemispheres?

<p>Maximal tilt towards the Sun (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What plays a crucial role in transferring heat from the tropics towards the poles in the oceans?

<p>Salinity changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key factor causes warmer temperatures near the equator compared to regions near the poles?

<p>Insolation intensity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do polar regions receive less energy absorption despite being exposed to solar radiation?

<p>The Sun's rays strike the Earth at a more oblique angle, spreading energy over a larger area. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the Earth's surface have on heating the atmosphere?

<p>It absorbs high energy, short-wave radiation and re-radiates it as lower energy, long-wave infrared energy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does insolation vary with latitude on Earth?

<p>Near the equator, insolation is higher as the Sun's rays strike the surface more directly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes significantly to maintaining Earth's climate zones across the globe?

<p>Unequal heating of the Earth's surface due to varying angle of Sun's rays. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary factor influencing the disparity in surface temperatures between equatorial and polar regions?

<p>The angle at which the Sun's rays hit the Earth's surface leading to unequal heating. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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