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Questions and Answers
What is Methohexital used for in low doses?
What is Methohexital used for in low doses?
- To induce respiratory depression
- To treat cardiac arrhythmias
- To sedate patients with COPD
- To induce seizure discharges in temporal lobe epilepsy (correct)
What is the effect of intravenous induction agents on the respiratory system?
What is the effect of intravenous induction agents on the respiratory system?
- Dose-dependent respiratory stimulation
- Dose-dependent respiratory depression (correct)
- Unchanged respiratory parameters
- Increased tidal volume and minute ventilation
How long does apnea typically last after barbiturate induction?
How long does apnea typically last after barbiturate induction?
- Around 30 seconds or less (correct)
- 1-2 hours
- Until the patient is fully awake
- Several minutes
What happens to cardiac index due to anesthetic effects?
What happens to cardiac index due to anesthetic effects?
What is the effect of anesthetics on sympathetic outflow from the CNS?
What is the effect of anesthetics on sympathetic outflow from the CNS?
Following acute brain injury, what do barbiturates fail to demonstrate superiority over other techniques in doing?
Following acute brain injury, what do barbiturates fail to demonstrate superiority over other techniques in doing?
What is the maximum decrease in CMRO2 achievable with barbiturates?
What is the maximum decrease in CMRO2 achievable with barbiturates?
In which scenario have barbiturates been found to be contraindicated?
In which scenario have barbiturates been found to be contraindicated?
What is a paradoxical effect of barbiturates at lower doses?
What is a paradoxical effect of barbiturates at lower doses?
What is a proposed mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of barbiturates?
What is a proposed mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of barbiturates?
Which medication reduced lipid peroxidase but did not spare ultrastructure injury in spinal cord injury studies?
Which medication reduced lipid peroxidase but did not spare ultrastructure injury in spinal cord injury studies?
What is the mechanism of action of thiopental and propofol in reducing spinal cord injury?
What is the mechanism of action of thiopental and propofol in reducing spinal cord injury?
Which factor does Propofol-induced hypotension in elderly patients depend on?
Which factor does Propofol-induced hypotension in elderly patients depend on?
What is a dose-dependent effect of thiopental and propofol in cardioprotection?
What is a dose-dependent effect of thiopental and propofol in cardioprotection?
Which medication reduces vagally mediated and methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction?
Which medication reduces vagally mediated and methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction?
Which effect is NOT true about propofol in the context of spinal cord injury?
Which effect is NOT true about propofol in the context of spinal cord injury?
Which benzodiazepine has a shorter half-life and increased context-sensitive half-time compared to propofol?
Which benzodiazepine has a shorter half-life and increased context-sensitive half-time compared to propofol?
In patients with reduced intracranial compliance, benzodiazepines like midazolam are generally considered acceptable for?
In patients with reduced intracranial compliance, benzodiazepines like midazolam are generally considered acceptable for?
Which effect do benzodiazepines like midazolam exhibit by decreasing the ventilatory response to CO2?
Which effect do benzodiazepines like midazolam exhibit by decreasing the ventilatory response to CO2?
Which clinical use is NOT associated with benzodiazepines as mentioned in the text?
Which clinical use is NOT associated with benzodiazepines as mentioned in the text?
What is the primary reason for the modest decrease in blood pressure observed with the use of benzodiazepines like midazolam?
What is the primary reason for the modest decrease in blood pressure observed with the use of benzodiazepines like midazolam?
According to the information provided, which organ system is negatively impacted by benzodiazepines through decreased muscular tone in the upper airway?
According to the information provided, which organ system is negatively impacted by benzodiazepines through decreased muscular tone in the upper airway?
Which receptor does ketamine inhibit the release of glutamate from the presynaptic nerve terminal?
Which receptor does ketamine inhibit the release of glutamate from the presynaptic nerve terminal?
What is the major active metabolite of ketamine formed via hepatic microsomal enzymes?
What is the major active metabolite of ketamine formed via hepatic microsomal enzymes?
What is the primary effect of ketamine in inducing analgesia?
What is the primary effect of ketamine in inducing analgesia?
Which organ system shows decreased salivation and reduced incidence of emergence reactions with the S(+) isomer of ketamine?
Which organ system shows decreased salivation and reduced incidence of emergence reactions with the S(+) isomer of ketamine?
What is the primary characteristic of the 'dissociative state' induced by ketamine?
What is the primary characteristic of the 'dissociative state' induced by ketamine?
Which route of administration for ketamine results in the highest bioavailability?
Which route of administration for ketamine results in the highest bioavailability?
What is the primary concern when using ketamine for induction in patients with known severe cardiac valvular disease?
What is the primary concern when using ketamine for induction in patients with known severe cardiac valvular disease?
Which aspect of biochemical pharmacokinetics does ketamine exhibit a brief duration of action?
Which aspect of biochemical pharmacokinetics does ketamine exhibit a brief duration of action?
What is the primary concern with ketamine induction in individuals with elevated intracranial pressure (ICP)?
What is the primary concern with ketamine induction in individuals with elevated intracranial pressure (ICP)?
What is the therapeutic benefit of ketamine in postoperative sedation and analgesia?
What is the therapeutic benefit of ketamine in postoperative sedation and analgesia?
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